ART

This research specifically examines the use of the Twitter hashtag in the mobilization of Lagos youth for the #EndSARS protests of 2020. This study became necessary and was carried out due to the fact that there has been no extensive research done to measure the extent and influence of the Twitter hashtag in the mobilization of Lagos youth for the #EndSARS protests of 2020. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent of the access to information on the #EndSARS protest through the Twitter hashtag, to ascertain the perception of Lagos youth to the information available to them on the #EndSARS protest and to investigate the extent to which Lagos youth were able to influence the Twittersphere using the Twitter hashtag. The survey design was adopted for this study with the aid of a 15-item questionnaire which was administered to 400 respondents purposively selected from the three senatorial districts in Lagos state. Data obtained were analyzed and presented with the aid of frequency tables, simple percentages and mean score. The key findings of this study showed that the Twitter hashtag was instrumental for spreading information about the #EndSARS protests, Lagos youth had a positive outlook towards this information and they were able to influence the Twittersphere to a very large extent using the Twitter hashtag. Therefore, this study concludes that the Twitter hashtag was indeed effective and influential in spreading information about the 2020 #EndSARS protests and in the mobilization of Lagos youth for the protests. To this end, it is recommended that the Twitter hashtag should be used more as a tool for the exchange of information as well as online activism. Also, this study proved that the Twitter hashtag was effective for mass physical mobilization therefore; it is recommended thatshould be sustained.

Friedrich Nietzsche's theory of music, which integrates art, metaphysics, and human life, has a distinctive and significant position in contemporary aesthetics. According to Nietzsche, music is not just an artistic medium but the most immediate and essential representation of life itself. He sees music in The Birth of Tragedy (1872) as the purest expression of the "Dionysian" spirit, which is an elemental, untamed, and life-af irming energy that goes beyond reason and language. In contrast to other art forms, which depend on representation and form (the "Apollonian"), music communicates directly to the will and the core of being, providing a providing metaphysical comfort and exposing the underlying currents of human existence. Nietzsche's later works go on to highlight the revolutionary potential of music, praising its capacity to influence culture and individual personality while denouncing excessively intellectualized or decadent forms of it. musical art. This perspective is in stark contrast to two other well-known schools of thought on music. Nietzsche first admired Arthur Schopenhauer, who saw music as a direct
manifestation of the metaphysical "Will," the underlying reality of all phenomena, and thus raised its status. superior to all other arts in its ability to express the essence of the universe. Eduard Hanslick, on the other hand, maintained that the value of music resides in its structure, form, and autonomous beauty, regardless of its emotional or metaphysical content, in accordance with his formalist theory. The Analytic approach will be used in this study to analyze and try to evaluate Nietzsche's conception of music. As a result, Nietzsche's concept is at a crossroads between aesthetic experience and metaphysical depth: it extols music as a life-af irming force that goes beyond mere form and placing music as a deep and vibrant expression of human vitality while simultaneously refuting Schopenhauer's pessimism and Hanslick's aloofness

Cyber crime has grown to be one of the biggest problems facing law enforcement agencies as a result of the development of computer and the information technologies.¹ some of the few numbers of attacks carried out by cyber criminals in 2006 was about 3.24millions, in 2019 cybercrime was estimated to cost the global economy $2trillion, also the global average cost of a data breach was $3.86 in 2020.² Some crimes committed online even outnumbered the ones committed offline. However, researchers predict that around 90% of cyber crime get unreported.³ Criminal act is a dynamic phenomenon. Criminal have used a
variety of mediums over time to further there illegal goals. The development of computer technology opened up numerous option for commerce and communication, as well as numerous chances for traditional crime to be committed
daily.⁴ Government, industry and the general public all used the umbrella word “cyber crime" to describe a wide range of illegal activities and bad behavior involving the use of computers, the internet and the ICTs.⁵

This study investigates phonological interference in the pronunciation of English words among Edo-English bilingual speakers. It examines how the Edo language influences the articulation of English sounds, leading to pronunciation variations. Using the contrastive analysis framework, the research compares the phonological structures of Edo and English to identify patterns of interference.
Data were collected through audio recordings and interviews involving 20 Edo-English bilingual speakers pronouncing selected English words. A list of 50 English words and 50 Edo words was compiled, representing various phonological patterns. The informants, selected based on their language proficiency, age, and educational background, were asked to pronounce each word on the list. One of the interviews was conducted in a market setting, where a female trader was met and agreed to participate in the study. The wordlist used in this interview consisted of words related to her daily activities, such as items she sells (e.g., vegetables, fruits, cloth), objects she sees around her (e.g., market stalls, customers, money), and actions she performs (e.g., buying,
selling, counting). This approach allowed for a more natural and spontaneous data collection process, as the informant was able to respond to words and phrases that were familiar to her. The audio recordings were transcribed, and the data was analyzed using phonological analysis.
Analysis revealed several phonological interference patterns, including sound substitution, vowel length distortion, spelling-based pronunciation, consonant cluster reduction, sound insertion and deletion, nasalization, and stress pattern alterations. For instance, Edo speakers frequently replaced English sounds absent in Edo phonology, such as substituting /θ/ in third with /t/ (/tεd/ instead of /θɜ:d /). Consonant clusters were simplified, as seen in basket pronounced as /baskεt/. Additionally, spelling pronunciation errors occurred, such as picture /pikʧər/ being pronounced as /pikso/.
The study concludes that phonological interference arises due to structural differences between the two languages, reinforcing the contrastive analysis hypothesis. These findings have implications for language teaching, pronunciation training, and second language acquisition. The study recommends targeted phonetic drills and increased exposure to native English pronunciation to help Edo-English bilinguals improve their phonological accuracy. Keywords: Phonological Interference, Edo-English Bilinguals, Pronunciation, Contrastive Analysis, Second-Language Phonology

Ma sincère gratitude et mon appréciation vont toujours au Dieu Tout-Puissant poursa grâce, ses conseils, sa miséricorde et ses provisions. Ma plus grande gratitude va à mon père toujours aimant, M. Samuel AkpaniakaObu. Pour le soutien constant dans les moments où je me sentais déprimé, pourlesoutien financier et l’amour sans fin, je suis très reconnaissant. Mes remerciements vont à ma superviseure estimée et respectée Madame Odibohpour ses corrections constructives, ses encouragements et ses suggestions tout aulong de la durée de mon projet. Je remercie également le chef du département, le Dr Terry Osawaru. Deplus, jeremercie tous les professeurs du département. Aussi, à mes frères et sœurs Onyedikachi Obu et Kenechukwu Obu, je vousaimetous. Mes amis, collègues qui m'ont tous aidé d'une manière ou d'une autreparleurs mots d'encouragement et leur enseignement. J'apprécie. Pour moi, même si le chemin a été long, je suis reconnaissant à Dieu de nejamaisme laisser au plus faible et pour ma constance, mes efforts et ma déterminationpour faire de ce travail une réussite

Nigeria's maritime environment, particularly the Gulf of Guinea, is a critical economiczone for the country and the broader West African region; it serves as a vital hub for international trade, with oil production and shipping forming the backbone of the Nigerian economy.
However, this maritime domain has been plagued by security challenges, notably piracy and illegal oil bunkering Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea has evolved into a major regional concern, with attacks targeting commercial vessels, resulting in ransom
demands, theft, and kidnapping of crew members.
Between 2000 and 2015, piracy incidents in Nigerian waters surged, making the Gulf of Guinea one of the most dangerous regions for maritime navigation globally

The Nigerian Civil War broke out in 1967 and ended in January 15th 1970. Prior to the war, Nigeria was a federation of four regions namely: Northern, Western, Eastern, and Mid-Western regions. The amalgamation of Nigeria by Lord Lugard in 1914 brought people of diverse ethnic nationalities, religious, socio-cultural, economic and political backgrounds together.1 The remote and immediate causes of the civil war are traced to the colonial and post- independence period. They include the Western Region crisis and the subsequent declaration of the state of emergency in the region in 1962. Others included the census crisis of 1963, the Federal election of 1964, the manipulation of Western Regional election of 1965 and massive corruption that prevailed in the First Republic

Ce projet de recherche vise à effectuer une analyse comparative approfondie des variations linguistiques qui distinguent le français parlé à Paris (France) et celui en usage au Québec (Canada).L'étude s'articulera autour de plusieurs axes majeurs :Phonétique et Phonologie : Identification des différences d'accent, de rythme, d'intonation et des réalisations phonétiques spécifiques (par exemple, l'affrication des consonnes $t$ et $d$ devant les voyelles hautes au Québec).Lexique et Sémantique : Exploration des divergences lexicales (mots, expressions, anglicismes) et des décalages sémantiques (sens différents pour un même mot) entre les deux variétés.Morphosyntaxe et Grammaire : Examen des variations dans la construction des phrases, l'emploi des prépositions, les structures interrogatives, et les formes grammaticales informelles.Pragmatique et Sociolinguistique : Mise en contexte des différences en relation avec les facteurs sociaux, culturels et historiques qui ont façonné l'évolution de la langue dans chaque région.L'objectif final est de dresser un portrait linguistique détaillé permettant de comprendre l'ampleur et la nature des écarts, d'expliquer les mécanismes de divergence, et de mettre en lumière l'identité culturelle unique que chaque variété confère à ses locuteurs. Ce travail contribuera à une meilleure compréhension de la dynamique de la langue française dans le monde.

Costume is a very important aspect of the people cultural identity. It is one amongst others ways
you can identify the culture and personality of the wearers. It function serves more than covering
of the body, it is a unique identity that is particular to the people it is identifying. The researcher
observed that costume is not mere a fashion but rather as an indispensable tools in cultural
reflection thereby showing its element of culture and a means of identifying class, status, group,
position, as well as religion. This research is aimed at examining the traditional Benin society, in
general and studies the costume use at 2016 coronation ceremony in particular. The research
method adopted in carrying out this study is qualitative method of research, using pictorial
representation and analyses. The findings of the study reveals that costumes communicate
meaning and beauty of the Benin people and it
reflect their social, status, and cultural heritage, it therefore recommends that there should be a
platform where citizens especially youth should be educated about the significance of costume in
cultural practices

“Language is defined as a purely human and non-instinctive method of
communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntary produced
symbols". Edward Sapir (1922). The word "language " is used in modern times not
only for natural languages like Igbo, Yoruba, Hausa, Edo, English, French but also
for a variety of the system of communication. Language is used to serve a variety
of needs which are either positive or negative in every society. This study
undertakes an exploration of the sociolinguistic dimension surrounding taboos
within the Ora community. Taboos, serving as cultural and social limitations,
govern conduct and language usage within the confines of a distinct community.
Understanding these taboos is crucial for corresponding within the Ora society.
This investigation delves into the essence, purpose and consequence of taboos in
language applications as well as their ramifications on social bonds and cultural
traditions. This work investigates the sociolinguistic features of taboos as they are
used among the members of the Ora language community. The research adopts
Hymes Ethnography of communication (1962) as the framework of investigation.
Utilizing the SPEAKING model derived from Ethnography of communication
theory, data is analysed. This data is sourced from the Natives of Ora language,
aimed at exploring the nature of Taboos. Furthermore, the study underscore how
the presence of taboos and the use of euphemism aids in regulating responsible and
prosperous living within the Ora society. Through an examination of available data,
the research also confirms that employing euphemistic language serves to prevent
language taboos and enhance effective and responsible communication.