ACCOUNTING

This study investigated the relationship between ownership structure and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures (CSRD) with focus on the impact of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership and ownership concentration on CSRD. The study also used the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) index as a framework for measuring the disclosing of CSR information. The study adopted a longitudinal research design and a sample of one hundred and eighteen (118) companies was selected from a population of one hundred and sixty eight (168) companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) as at 31 st December 2018. This was studied from year 2009 to 2018. The data collected from these companies was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and panel regression analysis. Also, the panel regression analysis used fixed effect
model for data estimation. The results derived from the data analyses indicated that CSRD in Nigeria is low with an firms listed on the NSE, managerial ownership and foreign ownership have a significant negative effect on CSRD, while institutional ownership and ownership concentration have a significant positive effect on CSRD. The study therefore recommended that the luntary
nature of CSRD in Nigeria should be enhanced through compulsory disclosure requirements
as voluntary CSRD in Nigeria is low. Management should not be allowed to own large
amounts of equity shares as management ownership of equity shares has a negative
relationship with CSRD indicating that the more equity shares are owned by management, the
less CSRD are made. Institutional shareholders should be allowed to own large amounts of
equity shares as institutional share ownership is significant and positively related to CSRD, thus, indicating that as institutional share ownership increases, CSRD also increases. Foreign
ownership of equity shares should be reduced either through corporate regulations or
otherwise due to CSRD decreasing as foreign ownership of equity shares increases, and there
is a significant negative effect of foreign equity share owners on CSRD. Ownership
concentration should be encouraged in Nigeria especially when such concentration is in the
hands of institutional shareholders because ownership concentration among NSE listed firms
has a significant positive relationship with CSRD. This indicates that as ownership
concentration increases CSRD also increases. Institutional shareholders should be allowed
and encouraged to have representatives on the board of directors which represents corporate
management, in order to strengthen the relationship between management and institutional
shareholders, as the presence of institutional shareholders in NSE listed companies leads to
increase in the extent of CSRD

The study investigates the impact of corporate governance on the productivityofconglomerate firms in Nigeria from 2018 to 2022. The research investigated threekeyaspects: the relationship between board composition and firm productivity, the influenceof executive compensation structures on productivity, and the effect of transparencyanddisclosure practices on firm productivity. Utilizing a longitudinal research design, thestudy analyzes secondary data extracted from the audited annual reports of 40 selectedNigerian conglomerates. Through robust statistical methods, including descriptivestatistics, correlation analysis, and panel data regression, the study examines the causal relationships between the corporate governance variables and firmproductivity, measured by return on assets (ROA). Key findings reveal that board composition and executive compensation significantlyimpact firm productivity, with board composition showing a positive correlationandexecutive compensation demonstrating a significant positive influence on productivity. Conversely, transparency and disclosure practices appear to have an insignificant andnegative relationship with firm productivity. These results challenge the commonlyheldbelief that higher transparency and extensive disclosure practices necessarily enhancefirm performance. Based on the empirical evidence, the study recommends optimizingboard composition to balance executive and non-executive members, reconsideringtherole and purpose of board independence, and fostering gender diversity to potentiallyimprove financial outcomes. These recommendations are geared towards strengtheningcorporate governance frameworks to enhance the productivity and performance of firms.

This study examined Creative Accounting and Corporate Failure. To address its objectives, the research formulated three research questions, three objectives and three hypotheses. The research takes into consideration creative accounting and corporate failures in the Nigerian financial reporting, focusing on commercial banks in Nigeria. The population include Nigeria base banks, the period of study covers 2002-2022, source of data will be from secondary data from NGX, formerly Nigerian stock exchange. This period will aid comprehensive study of creative accounting and corporate failure in Nigerian banks. The study is purposed to examine how creative accounting influences corporate failures in Nigerian banks. The research will focus on commercial banks in Nigeria. The study investigates the impact of creative accounting on financial reporting accuracy in Nigerian quoted firms. Employing a decision rule to reject the null hypothesis if the z-statistic probability value is below 0.05, it was found that financial health indicators positively and significantly correlate with return on assets (p = 0.0002). This supports the alternative hypothesis that creative accounting does not significantly impact financial reporting accuracy. Contrary to other findings, the r sults show a negative and significant relationship between financial health and return on assets, suggesting that creative accounting does not misrepresent a company's financial health. Additionally, the study found a significant relationship between creative accounting practices and corporate failure, with regulatory compliance showing an insignificant relationship with return on assets. The study recommends several actions based on these findings. The study recommends that regulators enforce corporate reporting requirements among Nigerian Exchange Group companies to ensure high-quality financial statements and market transparency. Nigerian quoted companies should maintain independent audit committees to enhance statement quality. The four-year professional requirement for auditors should be legally enforced. Government agencies, policymakers, and regulators should intensify regulations and surveillance of financial quality, mandating optimal compensation and independence for auditors to improve report credibility. Companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange should reduce financial leverage to enhance report quality. Personnel involved in financial reporting should be thoroughly trained and certified. Finally, companies should fully utilize their capacity to prepare and present financial reports according to accounting standards.

This study investigates the ef ect of internal control mechanisms on fraud preventionamonglisted companies in Nigeria, focusing on four components of the COSOframework: controlenvironment, risk assessment, information and communication, and monitoring. Adescriptive survey research design was adopted, and data were collectedfrom384respondents across listed firms in Edo State using a structured questionnaire. Descriptivestatistics, correlation analysis, variance inflation factor (VIF) tests, and multiple regressionanalysis were employed to examine the relationships between the independent variablesandthe dependent variable. The findings revealed that control environment, risk assessment,information and communication, and monitoring each had significant positive ef ectsonfraud prevention, with all variables collectively explaining 57.2%of the variationinfraudprevention outcomes. These results underscore that strong ethical leadership, systematicriskidentification, transparent communication, and continuous monitoring significantlyenhancefraud deterrence. The findings align with Agency Theory, which emphasises theroleofgovernance structures in mitigating opportunistic behaviour, and with DeterrenceTheory,which highlights the importance of certainty and consistency in discouraging fraud. SocialNorms Theory also provides complementary insights, showing that awareness andsharedvalues foster compliance with anti-fraud practices. The study concludes that internal controlsare not merely regulatory requirements but strategic mechanisms that safeguardcorporateassets and promote stakeholder trust. It recommends that listed companies strengthenethicalstandards, integrate risk assessment frameworks, enhance whistleblowing andreportingsystems, and adopt technology-enabled monitoring to improve fraud prevention. Regulatorsare encouraged to intensify oversight and ensure compliance with internal control standards

The primary aim of this research was to examine the effect of electronic tax payment operations in Nigeria using Edo State as a case study. The research adopted both primary and secondary data; primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire. The study adopts the survey research design. The population of the study consists of Edo State board of Internal Revenue and branches of commercial banks in Edo State. The findings revealed that there are effects of electronic tax payments system on rates collection in Edo State, findings also revealed that electronic tax payments system has prevented and curb fraud in Edo State and it was recommended that Government should support with everything in their disposal the establishment of e-tax administration so as to start reaping the benefit of high rate of compliance among taxpayers.

The value relevance of accounting information is a critical area of financial research, as it examines the extent to which financial statements and accounting figures influence investors’ decisions and firm valuation. This study investigates the value relevance of accounting information within the health care sector, analyzing the impact of key financial metrics such as earnings, book value, and cash flows on stock prices. Using secondary data from publicly traded health care firms, the study employs empirical models to assess the association between accounting figures and market valuation. The findings provide insights into the reliability and usefulness of accounting information for investors, policymakers, and other stakeholders in the health care industry. The study also highlights sector-specific factors that may influence the degree of value relevance, offering recommendations for improving financial reporting practices.

This study investigated the effect of audit client attributes on firm performance using panel data of twelve banks for the period 2015 – 2022. The variables considered were firm performance proxied by return on assets, firm size, firm age, firm leverage, and board size.The study carried out a histogram normality test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test of heteroskedasticity, Ramsey RESET model specification test, Serial correlation test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The F-statistics indicated that all the
explanatory variables taken together are statistically significant. The regression result revealed that board size and firm age have a negative and insignificant influence on firm performance. The firm leverage maintains a positive and significant relationship with firm performance firms considered. The study recommended that firm managers should focus on optimizing firm leverage to improve their firm performance and the firm should ensure that the board size is well regulated.

This study aims at determining the impact of CEO’S attributes on tax aggressiveness in Nigeria; The specific objective of the study is to determine the significant relationship between CEO’S age and tax aggressiveness, to examine the relationship between CEO’s masculine face and tax aggressiveness, to examine the relationship between CEO’s political connection and tax aggressiveness, to find out if there is a relationship between CEO’s overconfidence and tax aggressiveness. The population of the study comprises of all manufacturing companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 31st December, 2022. The study employed data from secondary sources which are quantitative in nature. The data was obtained from the annual reports of individual manufacturing companies submitted to Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data were analyzed using ordinary least square (OLS) regression. It was found that CEO Age have a significant effect on Tax Aggressiveness, CEO Masculine Face have a significant effect on Tax Aggressiveness, CEO Political Connection have a significant effect on Tax Aggressiveness, and CEO Overconfidence does not have a significant effect on Tax Aggressiveness