2021

This study was aimed at assessing the effects of diesel on the growth and morphology of Eichhornia crassipes. Samples of Eichhornia crassipes were collected from Ologbo pond, Edo State, Nigeria. Diesel was purchased at the Faculty of Agriculture Cooperative gas station, University of Benin, Benin city. The plants were then exposed to different concentration of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% (v/v ) and 0% control. Parameters used in the study include plant height, root length, stolon length, number of leaves, chlorophyll content, stolon girth, leaf diameter and determination of fresh and dry weight. Using three replicates per treatment, the plants were exposed to all concentration for 8 days. The results showed that all morphological parameters had a low mean value as compared to control, which shows that diesel was dentrimental to the plant. The effects were concentration dependent. The leaves of the test plants also showed changes in morphology. Chlorotic and necrotic lesions were noticed on the adaxial and abaxial surface. Further research should be carried to better understand the effects of diesel on E. crassipes and other aquatic macrophytes. Also adequate measures should be put in place to avoid pollution of the environment with diesel. Early response should be ensured in the case of diesel oil spillage in order to reduce the duration of exposure of ecosystems to oil pollution.

Malnutrition is the single biggest contributor to under-five mortality due to greater susceptibility to infections and slow recovery from illness. Every year, an estimated 2.5 million under-five children in Nigeria suffer from severe acute malnutrition and this makes them vulnerable and nine times more likely to die from diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection and fever. This interaction between malnutrition and infection creates a potentially lethal cycle of worsening illness and deteriorating nutritional status

The study investigated the “Problems Associated with Failure in Laboratory Practicals of Science Related Senior Secondary School Students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State”. In order to achieve the purpose intended, four research questions were raised. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The total population of the study is two hundred and three (203) science teachers. The sampled size used was one hundred and fifty (150) science teachers. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was validated through expert judgment approach and was tested for reliability through internal consistency method. The data obtained was analyzed using frequency count and mean. The findings from the study revealed that laboratory practicals have an effective way of developing the curiosity and logical thinking of students which is one of the reason why teaching of practicals is very important as far as teaching of science is concerned. However, students don’t understand
better when they are not involved in laboratory practical experiment. The study also revealed that, most science laboratories are dilapidated, not well stocked with facilities, seats and demonstration tables, even when these materials are made available, their management becomes questionable. Moreover, the few available equipment, students are not allowed to have access to them because of fear of being damaged or stolen. Lastly, the main problems revealed for the failure of science students in laboratory practicals include; lack of resources, lack of laboratories and laboratory equipment, lack of laboratory technicians and large classes.

Malnutrition is the single biggest contributor to under-five mortality due to greater susceptibility to
infections and slow recovery from illness. Every year, an estimated 2.5 million under-five children
in Nigeria suffer from severe acute malnutrition and this makes them vulnerable and nine times
more likely to die from diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection and fever. This interaction
between malnutrition and infection creates a potentially lethal cycle of worsening illness and
deteriorating nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the nutritional status and morbidity pattern of
under-five children in Benin-City, Edo State Nigeria. METHODS: This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out among 771 mother- child pairs that were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic and socio- economic characteristics, dietary pattern, morbidity pattern and child health practices while
nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric methods. Focus group discussions guide was
used to collect data on maternal knowledge, attitude and practices on child health and infant and
young child feeding. Data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions
(SPSS) version 20.0 manufactured by IBM incorporated and the level of statistical significance was
set at a p< 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 771 mother-child pair participated in this study. The mean age of the
participants was 27.3 ±15.9 months. The results showed that 215 (27.9%) mothers had introduced
complementary foods to their children at the appropriate time. The most consumed food were foodsren. Only 113 (14.7%) of children had an adequately diverse diet, in which they
made from grains, roots and tubers; 26.9% among breastfeeding children and 73.1% among non- breastfeeding child

The Development of a standard and comparable educational system has played a major role in the growth and development of most countries, both advanced and developing. Some ofthe major sources offund to this sector has remainedgovernment expenditure andforeign aid. Hence this research work employs secondary data covering the period of 1980 to 2019 to examine the nexus among government expenditure, foreign aid and educational growth in Nigeria. Variables employed includes Literacy rate (LRT),Government Expenditure (GEX), Foreign Aid and other development assistance (FRA) and Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita growth rate (RGDPPC). Data on the relevant variables were obtainedfrom the Central Bank ofNigeria (CBN) statistical Bulletin (2019) and the World Bank's World Development Indicators (WDI, 2019). The work employed the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test for Unit Root and the Johansen Co-integration techniquefor thepossibility oflong run relationship. An empirical model was estimated using the Error Correction Model (ECM) of regression analysis. The results indicated that government expenditure, foreign aid and real GDP per capita shares a positive and significant relationship with Literacy rate in Nigeria. The concluded that the educational system can be reasonably improved if attention is paid to these important variables. Hence, it was recommended among others that the government should increase budgetary allocation to the education sector, attention should be paid to capital projects, appropriate diplomatic policies to attract more foreign aid, checks to prevent the mismanagement appropriated funds.

The study on the influence of family background on the academic performance of physics students aimed at evaluating the effect of family background on the educational performance of students’, to find out if social- economic status of parents influence their students’ academic performance in physics, to find out whether educational attainment of parent affect their students’ academic performance in physics and to find out the influence of family size on educational upbringing of physics students. The study made use of primary data which are gotten from the distribution of the research questionnaires; the sample size for the study will be at least 35. The study made use of the chi square test for the analysis. The study therefore concluded that differences in academic performance of children are a function of differences in educational background of the parents. Due to inadequate resources, children are not provided with academic needs that could facilitate conducive learning because of poor socio-economic status of some parents. This has some effects on student’s performance. The study also made useful recommendation to assist relevant stakeholders in decision making. Some of them are: Parents overall commitment to the academic welfare of their children irrespective of economic demands, promotion of specific educational developmental

Fruits are consumed by humans as a source of nutrients which also harbour microorganisms. If not checked can lead to food spoilage. This study was aimed at investigating fungal load in
mixed fruit salads sold in Benin City metropolis. Samples of mixed fruit salads were
purchased from New Benin, Ring road, Uselu and Ugbowo areas all in Benin metropolis Edo
State and transported to the laboratory for investigation. The fruits were store at room
temperature (28+2
oC) and refrigeration temperature (4+2
oC) as control. Samples were stored
for 10 d and Fungal analysis was conducted periodically after every 2h. Samples were
cultured on potato dextrose agar medium. Changes in pH during storage was determined. Results revealed total heterotrophic fungal counts of samples stored at room temperature, (RT)
ranging from 3.50 ± 1.50 x 10
1 cfu/g (CONTROL) - 17.00 ± 1.00 x 10
1 cfu/g (UGBOWO). Samples kept under refrigeration/cool temperature, CT, (4
oC), revealed the total heterotrophic
fungal count to range from 0.50 ± 0.50 x 10
1 cfu/g (CONTROL) - 8.50 ± 0.50 x 10
1 cfu/g
(RINGROAD). The identified fungi isolates were Rhizopus spp, Penicillium spp, Aspergillus
niger and Fusanum spp. The isolate with highest frequency of occurrence was Rhizopus spp
(40%) while the lowest was Fusarium spp (10%). The presence of these fungi in the
investigated fruit salads suggests the need for stricter hygiene and quality measures and
practices to be adopted by fruit salad vendors, and enforced by relevant authority to prevent
transmission of diseases and illnesses by potentially pathogenic fungi.

Multiphase flow is defined as the simultaneous flow of two or more phases (e.g., gas, oil, water, or solid). When operating petroleum production facilities such as pipelines, this is a normal flow. As a result of complexity, the physical phenomenon governing them than that of single-phase flow, a production engineer's ability to effectively conduct a research on this system would necessitate a thorough understanding of the system to aid in its optimal operation. The study's objective is to create a CFD model using the ANSYS version 19.1 platform, validate the model with experimental data, and review studies and the employed model to estimate the critical velocity of a sand particle in a slurry flow and the particle's erosional effect for a pipe of a particular diameter (0.07m) Based on literature reviews and comparative studies, the Eulerian model with Reynold Stress Model (RSM) turbulence closure was chosen as the best model to analyze multiphase fluid flow. The research combines validation work in all feasible scenarios to evaluate the creation of the CFD model with a parametric analysis to look at the effects of various factors on particle deposition. Pipe diameters of 0.02 – 0.07m, continuous phase flow rates of 0.1-1 m/s, and other parameters were investigated. In conclusion, ANSYS version 19.1 platform is a valid way of analyzing multiphase flow in pipelines, proven using historical experimental data. Laminal flow is suitable for suitable fine particle and yields minimal erosion when its velocity is above the particle critical velocity. While coarse particles are transmitted by turbulence flow, with reducing erosion as the velocity increases above the critical velocity

A 2-D geoelectrical resistivity survey was carried out on two different locations (hall 2 and hall 3) in University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, for subsurface lithology. The Wenner array configuration and Pasi Earth resistivity meter was engaged for the acquisition of fields datasets. The data were subjected to an inversion using RES2DINV software for analysis and interpretation. The lateral spacing used was 160m and the total depth for the first and second locations were 136m and 64m respectively. The resistivity of the various surveys ranges from 57Ωm to 1261Ωm for survey line 1 and 1Ωm to 631Ωm for survey line 2. The geological interpretation of survey line 1 reveals the presence of possibly clayey sand and sand having resistivity values of 50Ωm - 500Ωm and 800Ωm - 1200Ωm respectively. Survey line 2 reveals the presence of possibly laterite soil, clay, alluvium soil having resistivity values of 10Ωm - 88Ωm, 50Ωm - 100Ωm, and 200Ωm - 800Ωm respectively. Results for this study shows that buildings can be erected in the survey line 1 which has large deposit of sand. For survey line 2, excavations and sand filling of the area should be done before erecting buildings to prevent building collapse because of the large deposit of clay

Plusieurs facteurs concourent au développement d’un pays. On peut citer par exemple les facteurs naturels qui regroupent les ressources naturelles c'est-à-dire les ressources minières (le pétrole, le fer, la bauxite etc.) et les ressources agricoles (par exemple le café, le cacao, le blé …).Les facteurs climatiques jouent un rôle important dans le développement d’un pays .Un pays a besoin d’une bonne pluviométrie et la maitrise de l’eau pour la production agricole. Cependant beaucoup de pays dans le monde possèdent toutes les richesses naturelles dont ils ont besoin pour se développer mais malheureusement, ils ne se développent pas. Ce qui veut dire qu’il y a un autre facteur très important que la plus part des pays africains sous-estiment et ne considèrent pas à sa juste valeur : il s’agit des ressources humaines ou encore le capital humain. D’après Aurélien Leleux (2020 :2) les ressources humaines représentent une fonction essentielle au sein de la structure organisationnelle d’une entite