Visual Impairment

Background: Dual sensory impairment, involving both visual and auditory deficiencies, significantly impacts an individual’s ability to communicate, learn, and navigate their environment. Research suggested that hearing-impaired individuals were at a higher risk of developing ocular abnormalities, including refractive errors and contrast sensitivity deficits. Given their reliance on vision for communication, understanding the prevalence and nature of visual impairment in this population was crucial for effective healthcare interventions. Purpose: To determine the relationship between visual and hearing impairment in affected individuals. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the school for the hearing impaired in Benin City using purposive sampling. Participants were selected based on inclusion criteria, with demographic and hearing-impairment data obtained from school records and teachers. Visual assessments included Tumbling E visual acuity testing, ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, subjective refraction, contrast sensitivity testing using the Pelli-Robson chart, and cover test. Data were collected using structured forms and analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0. Data Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed. The prevalence of visual impairment and contrast sensitivity abnormalities was determined. Chi-square tests assessed associations between age, gender, and dual sensory impairment. Results: Among the 100 hearing-impaired participants examined, hyperopia (34%) was the most common refractive anomaly, followed by compound hyperopic astigmatism (15%), while mixed astigmatism (4%) was the least. Visual impairment before correction was 6%, and after refraction, normal vision increased to 96% with 2% impaired. Contrast sensitivity was normal in 96% of participants, with 2% showing mild reduction. No severe visual impairment, blindness, or significant association with age or gender was found. Conclusion: Hearing-impaired individuals showed a high prevalence of correctable refractive errors. Most visual deficits improved with refraction, underscoring the importance of routine vision screening and timely optical correction in schools for the hearing impaired. Contribution to Optometry: This study provided valuable insights into the relationship between visual and auditory impairments, supporting improved screening and management strategies for individuals with dual sensory impairment.

This study examined the level of awareness and understanding of low vision and blindness within the University of Benin community. The research aimed to explore prevailing perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge gaps regarding visual impairments among students, faculty, and staff members. A sample population of 403 respondents was used for the study.

A mixed-methods research approach involving surveys and interviews was adopted to obtain comprehensive insights into the community’s knowledge and perceptions of visual impairments. The study investigated common misconceptions about low vision and blindness, societal attitudes toward affected individuals, and the availability of support systems and resources within the university environment. Data collected from participants were analyzed using tables and simple percentages.

The findings revealed a relatively high level of awareness among respondents, with 86.1% indicating familiarity with low vision and 96.0% acknowledging awareness of blindness. Despite this level of awareness, several misconceptions and societal perceptions regarding visual impairments were identified. These misconceptions highlight the need for improved education and awareness programs within the university community.

The study concludes that while awareness of visual impairments exists within the University of Benin community, there is still a need to address knowledge gaps and societal misconceptions. It recommends the implementation of targeted educational initiatives and support programs to promote inclusivity, empathy, and better support for individuals with low vision and blindness.