PERIWINKLE

Periwinkles are small edible snails commonly available for sale in the southern part of Nigeria. The increasing awareness that periwinkle is highly proteinous, one of the cheapest sources of protein and help for body and mental development as increased the demand in different country. The study investigated the effect of oven – drying and smoke – drying methods on the proximate composition of periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) preserved in natural agents. 50g of periwinkle were measured for each drying method and preserved with salt, lime, lemon and alum within 24 hours. Each sample were dried at about 55 oc – 70 oc. The samples were labelled T1 -T13 including the fresh sample. T5 retained the least moisture (p<0.05) and had the highest fat content, fibre content and ash content (p<0.05). There was a substantial difference between (p<0.05) the crude protein and carbohydrate contents of the preserved samples using the different drying processes. T5 had more excellent qualities compared to the others and should be the recommended drying procedure for retaining excellent qualities

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has prompted the
exploration of alternative resources to conventional aggregates. This study investigated
the effect of using periwinkle shells as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in
concrete, combined with chemical admixture.
The study utilized the following materials: cement, fine aggregate(sand), coarse
aggregate (granite), water, and periwinkle shells. The method involved preparing
concrete mixes with varying proportions (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of granite
replaced by periwinkle shells. Standard laboratory tests were carried out, these include:
The physical properties of cement (consistency, initial and final setting time), aggregate
(fineness modulus, silt content, moisture content, specific gravity, aggregate crushing
value, and aggregate impact value test) and mechanical properties of the concrete
produced (compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength) at 7, 14 and 28
days curing period. Slump test and water absorption tests, were also assessed to evaluate
the suitability of periwinkle shells as coarse aggregate substitutes.
The results showed that compressive strength decreased with increasing replacement but
remained satisfactory at lower levels. At 28 days, the control mix achieved 20.85 N/mm²,
while 10% replacement recorded 19.56 N/mm², representing a 6% reduction but still
retaining over 90% of the control strength. Similarly, split tensile strength reduced from 3.87 N/mm² (control) to 3.60 N/mm² (10%), and flexural strength decreased from 5.96 N/mm² to 4.13 N/mm² at 28 days. Water absorption increased slightly from 2.68% .(control) to 3.04% at 10% replacement, remaining within acceptable durability limits. Based on these findings, the optimum replacement level is 10%, as it offers improved sustainability while maintaining structural adequacy and durability for practical applications.

Shellfish is a fisheries and culinary term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates usedasfood (Ehigiator and Oterai, 2012) including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, andechinoderms. Despite the name, shellfish are not fish. Most shellfish are lowon the foodchainand eat a diet composed primarily of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Shellfishes comprisesofinvertebrate animals such as periwinkle, rock snail, oyster and crabs which possessesexoskeleton called shells which may be single or double over the body (Amadi, 2015).