A.I. OBI

Background: Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are increasingly recognized as essential components of modern healthcare delivery, with the potential to improve patient outcomes, enhance data management, reduce medical errors, and strengthen health system efficiency. Despite these benefits, the adoption and effective utilization of EHR systems in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria, remain low and with influence ranging from multiple individual, institutional, and infrastructural factors. Objective: This study aimed to determine healthcare workers’ knowledge of EHR systems in patient care, assess their attitudes toward EHR utilization, determine uptake and the level of EHR utilization, and identify factors influencing their use across selected hospitals in Benin City, Edo State. Methods: A analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted among 478 healthcare workers selected from public and private hospitals using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire comprising sections on socio- demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, utilization, and factors influencing EHR use. Knowledge and utilization scores were categorized based on a 70% cut-off, while attitude was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale which was grouped into appropriate and inappropriate responses and scored using a cut-off of 70%. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics were summarized as frequencies and percentages, while inferential analysis was conducted using chi-square tests and fisher’s exact and multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of HER in line with study objectives. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.050, and 95% confidence interval. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 20–39 years (86.8%), with a mean age of 31.22 ± 8.32 years, and females constituted 63.4% of the study population. Nurses formed the largest professional group, and most respondents had less than five years of professional experience. Awareness of EHR systems was high (93.3%), and an equal proportion demonstrated good knowledge (93.3%). Respondents showed strong knowledge in areas such as data privacy, reduction of medical errors, and improvement of healthcare delivery. A majority of respondents (78.2%) had a positive attitude toward EHR utilization, with most agreeing that EHR systems improve patient management (98.1%) and enhance the speed of care delivery (93.3%). However, a considerable proportion expressed neutrality regarding preference for EHR over paper-based records, indicating a transitional phase in adoption. EHR systems were available in most facilities (84.7%), and utilization was high across multiple domains, including clinical documentation (94.1%), patient registration (93.3%), prescribing (92.1%), and laboratory result access (90.6%). Utilization patterns varied significantly by profession and facility type at the bivariate level. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified knowledge level, sex, and facility type as independent predictors of EHR utilization. Respondents with poor knowledge were significantly less likely to utilize EHR systems compared to those with good knowledge (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.06–0.86; p = 0.029). Male respondents had lower odds of utilization compared to females (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11–0.89; p = 0.029), while those working in private facilities were less likely to utilize EHR systems compared to those in public facilities (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03–0.74; p = 0.019). Factors such as training (OR = 5.83; 95% CI: 2.46–13.81; p = <0.001), stability of electricity supply (OR = 7.25; 95% CI: 1.88–27.94; p = 0.004), and availability of hospital policy (OR = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.15–3.47; p = 0.014) were significant predictors of utilization at the multivariate level. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that healthcare workers in Benin City possess relatively high levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and increasing level of utilization of EHR systems, indicating a strong foundation for digital health integration. However, persistent gaps in training, infrastructure, and organizational support limit optimal utilization. Addressing these challenges through targeted capacity building, improved infrastructural investment, and strengthened institutional policies will be critical for maximizing the benefits of EHR systems and improving healthcare delivery outcomes.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly being used as source of health information, particularly among undergraduate students who are highly engaged with digital technologies. These tools provide instant, interactive, and personalized responses to healthrelated queries, which may influence health-seeking behaviors. One growing concern is their role in facilitating self-medication, defined as the use of medicines without consultation with qualified healthcare professionals. While AI chatbots may improve access to health information and empower individuals to make decisions, their unregulated use raises concerns about misinformation, inappropriate drug use, delayed diagnosis, and adverse health outcomes. Despite the increasing global use of AI technologies, there is limited evidence on how undergraduate students in Nigeria utilize AI chatbots in relation to self-medication practices. Understanding students’ knowledge, attitudes, and patterns of use is essential for informing public health interventions and policies. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students in Benin City, Nigeria. Data were collected using a structured, self-administered questionnaire adapted from UTAUT and related acceptance models that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of AI chatbots, attitudes toward their use in health decision-making, and prevalence of their use in facilitating self-medication. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed and categorized into levels. Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical software. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies and proportions were used to summarize variables, while inferential statistics, including chi-square tests, were used to examine associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The mean age of respondents was 21.50±3.138 years, with females constituting the majority (78.4%). Awareness of AI chatbots was universal, and about four-fifth of respondents demonstrated good knowledge, with Gemini being the most correctly identified tool. Despite this high awareness, only a small proportion had received formal training on AI or chatbots. About seven-tenth of respondents expressed a positive attitude toward AI chatbot use, perceiving these tools as convenient and useful for obtaining quick health information, although concerns regarding reliability and safety remained common. The prevalence of AI chatbot use for self- medication was considerable, with nearly one-third of respondents reporting use for advice on symptoms, possible diagnoses, and treatment options. ChatGPT was the most commonly used chatbot for self-medication, followed by Gemini. Despite the prevalence of use, the frequency of chatbot utilization for self-medication was mostly occasional or rare. Sex and guardians occupation were significant predictors of good knowledge. Attitude toward AI chatbot use was a strong predictor of prevalence. Respondents with a positive attitude were significantly less likely to use AI chatbots for self-medication compared with those with a negative attitude (OR = 0.178, p < 0.001) Conclusion: Despite high awareness and good knowledge of AI chatbots among respondents, concerns about reliability and safety in self-medication persisted. About one-third had used AI chatbots, mainly ChatGPT, for self-medication. Knowledge, attitude, guardians’ occupation, and social media use significantly influenced utilization, highlighting the need for targeted health education, improved digital health literacy, and regulatory frameworks to ensure safe and responsible use of AI chatbots in healthcare decision-making.

BACKGROUND
Sexual coercion among undergraduate students is a significant public health issue affecting physical health, mental wellbeing, and academic performance. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, prevalence, and factors influencing sexual coercion among undergraduate students in selected universities in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 509 undergraduate students from the University of Benin (UNIBEN) and Benson Idahosa University (BIU), Benin City. A structured, self-administered questionnaire adapted from the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES), the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMA), and the WHO sexual violence framework was used for data collection. Multi-stage sampling was employed. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27.0 at a 95% confidence interval, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The mean age of respondents was 21.5 ± 3.2 years; 269/509 (52.8%) were female and 240/509 (47.2%) were male. Regarding knowledge of sexual coercion (n=398), 310/398 (78.0%) had good knowledge while 88/398 (22.0%) had poor knowledge. The majority of respondents, 416/509 (81.7%), held a negative (unfavourable) attitude towards sexual coercion, while 93/509 (18.3%) held a positive (accepting) attitude. The lifetime prevalence of sexual coercion was 244/509 (47.9%). The most common forms were unwanted touching (158/509, 31.0%), transactional coercion (promises of money, gifts, or grades for sex; 90/509, 17.7%), threat of breakup for sex (72/509, 14.0%), and fear to refuse sexual advances (63/509, 12.4%). Female students had significantly higher prevalence than males (146/269, 54.3% vs. 98/240, 40.8%; χ² = 9.182, p = 0.002). Prevalence increased significantly with level of study, from 38/149 (25.5%) at 100 level to 64/97 (66.0%) at 300 level (χ² = 50.731, p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified alcohol or drug use by students as a significant independent predictor of sexual coercion (OR = 2.097; 95% CI = 1.145–3.838; p = 0.016). Male sex (OR = 2.054; 95% CI = 1.328–3.179; p = 0.001), increasing age (OR = 1.147 per year; 95% CI = 1.053–1.250; p = 0.002), and studying Medicine (compared to Law) (OR = 0.401; 95% CI = 0.203–0.791; p = 0.008) were also significant predictors.
CONCLUSION
Sexual coercion is highly prevalent among undergraduate students in Benin City, affecting nearly one in two students, with unwanted touching, transactional coercion, and psychological pressure being the commonest forms. Female students, older students, and those in higher levels of study are at greater risk. Alcohol/drug use significantly increases vulnerability. These findings
underscore the urgent need for mandatory, sustained consent education programmes beginning at 100 level, strengthened campus security and policy enforcement, accessible confidential reporting mechanisms, and targeted interventions addressing substance use and peer norms. University administrations must fully implement the Sexual Harassment of Students (Prevention
and Prohibition) Act of 2025, establish Independent Sexual Harassment Prohibition Committees, and provide comprehensive survivor support services.
KEYWORDS
Sexual coercion, Undergraduates, Knowledge, Attitude, Prevalence, Benin City, Nigeria

Background: Poor mental health among public servants is a growing concern with significant implications for workplace productivity and overall well-being. This study examined the knowledge, attitude, and prevalence of mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and stress) among public servants in Benin City, Edo State, to identify key influencing factors, gaps in
awareness, negative perceptions, and the extent of these conditions within the workforce in order to promote early identification and treatment, improve employee well-being, and enhance productivity and job performance among public servants. Objective: This study is aimed to determine the lvel of knowledge of mental health, assess attitudes, prevalence and factors influencing mental health status among public servants in, Benin City, Edo state. Methods: A Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 460 public servants across various Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) in Benin City. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique, and data were collected using a pretested self- administered questionnaire adapted from the Depression, Anxiety, stress scale (DASS), job demand control support model (JDCS), and the Effort reward model (ERI). Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Statical significance was set at p˂0.05, and 95% confidence interval. Results: The mean age of respondents was 35 ± 6.9 years. Two hundred and sixty-one (60.0%) of the respondents demonstrated good knowledge of mental health, while 265 (57.6%) held a positive attitude towards mental health. The prevalence of depression was 16.7% (n=77), anxiety was 22.8% (n=105), and stress was 9.3% (n=43). Significant predictors of mental health conditions included high workload (AOR=2.202; CI=1.401–3.462; p=0.001) and conflicts with xvi supervisors or coworkers (AOR=0.493; CI=0.313–0.777; p=0.002). Additionally, sex (p < 0.001), average working hours (p < 0.01), and current cadre (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with the level of good knowledge, while current job role( p˂ 0.001), average working hours (p˂0.048) were significantly associate with positive attitude. Conclusion: Although more than half of the public servants possessed good knowledge and a positive attitude toward mental health, the prevalence of conditions like anxiety remains notable. There is a need for targeted workplace interventions to reduce excessive workloads and improve supportive supervision to enhance the mental well-being of the workforce

Academic dishonesty encompasses a spectrum of unethical behaviours employed by students to gain unfair academic advantage, ranging from cheating during examinations to plagiarism, collusion, and falsification of work, and represents a critical
threat to educational integrity. It manifests in diverse forms, including copying, impersonation, undeclared use of digital or artificial intelligence tools, and misrepresentation of effort, with consequences that are intellectual, ethical, and institutional. Research
consistently demonstrates its rising prevalence in higher institutions, often occurring in familiar academic settings, influenced by peer pressure, inadequate enforcement of policies, and cultural perceptions that tolerate dishonest practices. Preventive measures include strengthening institutional policies, promoting awareness of academic integrity, redesigning assessment methods, and fostering a culture of honesty and accountability within universities.

Background: Burnout is a significant occupational health challenge, especially among educators, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Teachers in Nigeria a Low and Middle Income Country, facing economic hardship, are increasingly exposed to these stressors due to large class sizes, inadequate resources, and poor work-life balance. Burnout affects both teacher well-being and student performance, necessitating urgent intervention
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and prevalence of burnout among school teachers in Benin City, Nigeria, and to identify key factors influencing burnout.
Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 562 teachers from public and private schools in Egor and Oredo Local Government Areas, Benin City. Participants were selected through multistage sampling, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with categorical variables presented as frequencies and percentages. Univariate and bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out for all outcome variables.
Results: About two-thirds of the respondents (68.7%) were aware of burnout, and of these a little over four-fifths (84%) had good knowledge overall, however, knowledge of the components of burnout was poor as only 33.9% and 48.3% correctly identified Depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment respectively as dimensions of burnout. An estimated three quarters (76%) had a positive attitude towards burnout. The prevalence of burnout was 64.1%. Age (OR: 0.023, CI: 0.827-0.903), years of experience (OR: 0.017, 95% CI: 0.898-0.959), number of subjects taught (OR: 0.259, 95% CI: 1.213-3.341), average work hours(OR: 0.013, 95% CI: 1.005-1.058), and Attitude towards burnout (OR: 0.595, 95% CI: 0.045-0.468) were identified as significant predictors of burnout. Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of burnout among teachers in Benin City, driven by both personal and organizational factors. Teachers' limited knowledge of burnout suggests a need for increased awareness and training programs to address burnout proactively. Schools should implement targeted interventions, including stress management training, mental health support, and workload reduction.