O. OLASEHINDE

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are leading global health concerns with increasing prevalence and significant morbidity. The comorbidity of these conditions exacerbates complications, necessitating novel therapeutic interventions. Simarouba glauca, a medicinal plant with reported antihypertensive and antidiabetic properties, was investigated for its potential ameliorative effects on these conditions. This study assessed the comparative effects of hydro-methanol and acetone extracts of Simarouba glauca on gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in L- NAME/streptozotocin-induced hypertensive/diabetic male Wistar rats. Fifty-two male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups, including normotensive/non-diabetic controls, hypertensive/diabetic controls, and treatment groups receiving either hydro-methanol or acetone extracts at 50 mg/kg body weight. Hypertension and diabetes were induced using L- NAME (40 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (50 mg/kg), respectively. Plasma and liver GGT activity were measured spectrophotometrically after a 28-day treatment period. The hypertensive/diabetic control group exhibited significantly elevated liver GGT activity (14.282 ± 3.828 U/L) compared to normotensive/non-diabetic controls (4.632 ± 0.00 U/L), indicating hepatic stress. The hydro-methanol extract resulted in a two-fold increase in plasma GGT (4.632 ± 0.00 U/L), while the acetone extract caused a more modest rise (2.6055 ± 0.500
U/L). The acetone extract demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect, reducing liver GGT activity to 11.895 ± 1.799 U/L, whereas the hydro-methanol extract did not significantly ameliorate hepatic
stress.

Hypertension and diabetes are associated with metabolic disturbances, including abnormal enzyme activity that can contribute to disease progression. This study evaluates the therapeutic potential of Simarouba glauca extracts in modulating gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in hypertensive and diabetic rats. Both hydro- methanol and acetone fractions exhibited a significant ability to restore GGT activity in blood plasma and liver tissue, indicating their dual role in metabolic regulation and hepatoprotection. The acetone fraction demonstrated slightly superior effects, likely due to its distinct phytochemical composition, which may include a higher concentration of bioactive compounds. The ability of these extracts to normalize GGT activity suggests they possess antioxidant properties that contribute to enzyme stabilization and liver protection. These findings highlight the potential of Simarouba glauca as a natural therapeutic agent for managing metabolic dysfunctions associated with hypertension and diabetes. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise bioactive constituents responsible for these effects and their mechanisms of action

Hypertension and diabetes are major global health problems that often occur together, worsening cardiovascular and hematological complications. Standard therapies such as Lisinopril and Glibenclamide are effective but can alter normal blood parameters during prolonged use. This study compared the effects of Lisinopril/Glibenclamide (50 mg/kg) and the methanol fraction of Sida acuta and Cleome rutidosperma (50 mg/kg) on hematopoietic modulation in hypertensive and diabetic male Wistar rats. Hypertension and diabetes were induced using L-NAME and
Streptozotocin. Rats were divided into seven groups, including normal, untreated hypertensive/diabetic, and treated groups. Treatments were administered orally for five weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for red and white cell indices, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Induction of hypertension and diabetes caused elevated monocyte and granulocyte counts, indicating systemic inflammation. Both treatments significantly reduced monocyte levels (p < 0.001), but only the plant extract reduced granulocyte percentage (p = 0.003), suggesting stronger anti-inflammatory action. Lisinopril/Glibenclamide treatment lowered hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.016), while the Sida acuta/Cleome rutidosperma extract maintained normal red cell values, showing hematoprotective effects. The drug combination increased platelet count and size, whereas the plant extract preserved normal platelet balance. The methanol extract of Sida acuta and Cleome rutidosperma demonstrated comparable—and in some areas superior—hematopoietic and antiinflammatory effects to Lisinopril/Glibenclamide. Its ability to maintain erythroid and immune balance suggests potential as a natural adjunct or alternative therapy for managing hypertension– diabetes comorbidity.

Hypertension and diabetes are major global health problems that often occur together, worseningcardiovascular and hematological complications. Standard therapies such as Lisinopril andGlibenclamide are effective but can alter normal blood parameters during prolonged use. Thisstudy compared the effects of Lisinopril/Glibenclamide (50 mg/kg) and the methanol fractionofSida acuta and Cleome rutidosperma (50 mg/kg) on hematopoietic modulation in hypertensiveand diabetic male Wistar rats. Hypertension and diabetes were induced using L-NAMEandStreptozotocin. Rats were divided into seven groups, including normal, untreatedhypertensive/diabetic, and treated groups. Treatments were administered orally for five weeks. Blood samples were analyzed for red and white cell indices, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and platelet parameters. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p ≤ 0.05. Inductionofhypertension and diabetes caused elevated monocyte and granulocyte counts, indicating systemic 11 inflammation. Both treatments significantly reduced monocyte levels (p < 0.001), but onlytheplant extract reduced granulocyte percentage (p = 0.003), suggesting stronger anti-inflammatoryaction. Lisinopril/Glibenclamide treatment lowered hemoglobin concentration (p = 0.016), whilethe Sida acuta/Cleome rutidosperma extract maintained normal red cell values, showinghematoprotective effects. The drug combination increased platelet count and size, whereas theplant extract preserved normal platelet balance. The methanol extract of Sida acuta andCleomerutidosperma demonstrated comparable—and in some areas superior—hematopoietic andantiinflammatory effects to Lisinopril/Glibenclamide. Its ability to maintain erythroid and immunebalance suggests potential as a natural adjunct or alternative therapy for managing hypertension–diabetes comorbidity. Keywords: Hypertension, diabetes, Sida acuta, Cleome rutidosperma, Lisinopril/Glibenclamide, L-NAME and Streptozotocin