N. ERHUNSE

Enantia chlorantha and Nauclea latifolia are plants utilized as traditional medicine in Nigeriaforthe treatment of malaria. Enantia chlorantha is able to confer antiplasmodial activity in vitrodueto the fact that it possesses protoberberine alkaloids and flavonoids. In this experimental research, a hydroethanol extract was obtained from the barks of Enantia chlorantha and Nauclea latifolia. For the antimalarial study, twenty-five male Swiss albino mice weighing an average of 22g, were randomly distributed into 5 groups labelled; group 1; Negative control (NC) which receivednormal saline after infection, group 2; positive control (PC) which had infected micethat received 25 mg/kg chloroquine after infection, group 3 which received 50 mg/kg body weight ofBHE batch 4_A after infection, Group 4 which received 100 mg/kg body weight of BHEbatch4_B after infection and group 5 which received 250 mg/kg body weight of BHE batch 4_Cafterinfection. Treatment was done 3 hours after infection and 3 days thereafter. Smears were madefrom the lateral vein of each mice for determination of percentage parasitemia. Infectionwaswith 2 x 10 4 Plasmodium berghei. Mice administered 250 mg/kg body weight of BHEbatch4showed a significant decrease in percentage parasitemia as compared to the negative control group and this suggest that the bi-herbal combo has an impressive antimalarial activity

This study investigated different extraction methods and antioxidant properties of Kigelia africana through the analysis of extract yields, total flavonoid content, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Four extraction methods were evaluated: methanol crude extract (ME), flavonoid-rich extract (FRE), methanol extract-ethyl acetate fraction (ME EAA), and flavonoidrich extract-ethyl acetate (FRE EAA). The FRE EAA showed the highest yield (0.2173), while FRE demonstrated the lowest yield (0.016). Total flavonoid content analysis revealed highest concentrations in the flavonoid-rich extract (185.6 ± 4.2 mg QE/g), followed by ethyl acetate fraction (142.3 ± 3.8 mg QE/g), and methanol extract (98.7 ± 2.9 mg QE/g). All extracts
exhibited concentration-dependent hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, with IC50 values ranging from 7.508 ± 0.4 mg/mL (ME) to 7.644 ± 0.2 mg/mL (FRE). These findings suggest that while different extraction methods significantly affect yield and flavonoid content, all extracts
demonstrate comparable antioxidant activity, with the flavonoid-rich extract showing particularly promising results for potential therapeutic applications.

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is still a global challenge to date. The major process for malaria parasite survival within red blood cells is the detoxification of heme, a toxic byproduct released from hemoglobin digestion, into a crystalline pigment called hemozoin. Agents which inhibit this process can be used to curb the parasitic development. The discovery of such agents can be done using the β-hematin inhibition assay, in-vitro studies using hemin, otherwise known as synthetic heme. The ability for hemin to polymerize into β-hematin provides the assay the characteristic capacity to be used as a means to study the inhibition of hemozoin formation (β-hematin). This study seeks to compare the β- hematin inhibitory potential of the methanol stembarks of Annickia affinis and Annickia chlorantha. Annickia affinis and Annickia chlorantha stembark extracts were observed to possess notable capability in inhibiting β-hematin formation with A. chlorantha performing better at inhibiting β-hematin formation than A. affinis