A.E OMOROGIE

Access to clean and safe water is essential for human health and sustainable development. This study assessed the physicochemical properties of water obtained from tap, well, and river sources in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria, to evaluate their quality and suitability for domestic use. Parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total solids (TS), total hardness, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphate, and heavy metals (lead, chromium, and cadmium) were analyzed. Results showed that most parameters were within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS, 2015). However, cadmium concentrations in tap and well water slightly exceeded recommended values, indicating possible contamination from waste or corroded materials. A structured Questionnaire administered to residents revealed that most residents depend on borehole water, do not treat their water and have limited awareness of contamination risks. The study therefore recommends regular monitoring, improved sanitation, and community education to ensure safe and sustainable water quality in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area