C.A Ighodaro

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of corruption on the income of bus drivers using Ring Road Benin city as case study. To achieve this primary data was used and it was analyzed using descriptive analysis, and chi square test. The data was derived from the responses of 50 respondents in the questionnaire distributed. The findings showed that corruption affect the income of bus driver, the quality of transportation service has been reduced by corruption and also, that the standard of living of bus drivers in Ring Road, Benin city has been affected by corruption. The study recommends that bus drivers should engage themselves in another job during their free hour, government should establish agencies who will help to monitor activities on Nigerian road to help reduce the level of corruption and government should also provide healthcare facilities, accommodation and school in other to fill the gap created and by corruption and reduce level of poverty caused by corruption

The study aimed to critically assess the relationship between capital formation and economic development in Nigeria and potential avenues for leveraging capital formation to achieve long term and inclusive economic development, focusing on the period from 1991 to 2024. Specifically, the study examined if capital formation and other macroeconomic variables such as foreign direct investment, lending rate and trade openness determine economic growth in Nigeria. The study conducted a descriptive statistic, correlation analysis, the unit root test using the Augmented Dicky-fuller test to check for stationarity of the variables, the co-integration analysis using the bounds test, to check if there is a long run relationship between the variable and the ARDL-ECM approach to analyze the data for both the short run and long run. The findings showed that all variables employed are co-integrated in the long run and thus, have a long-term relationship. It was found that capital formation has a significant impact on economic growth in the short run but dos not have a significant impact in the long run, FDI and trade openness both have a positive and significant impact on economic growth rate. However, lending rate has no impact on economic growth rate in Nigeria during the specified period. The study therefore recommends that that the government should ensure that capital formation initiatives are sustainable and efficient; focusing on long-term benefits, introduce policies to increase the level of economic development in the country such as increasing the level of infrastructure and policies to further improve trade by increasing the productive base of the country to increase exports and limiting trade restrictions.