DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

Paracetamol also known as Acetaminophen or N-acetyl-Para aminophenol (APAP) is one of the most widely used non-prescription medications known for its analgesic and antipyretic property. The experimental procedure involve standard methods of analysis and was focused on the determination and comparison of specific nutritional or related parameter. The parameters
include; pH, moisture, protein, fat, ash and essential micro-nutrients (Calcium, potassium, sodium, Iron, zinc, magnesium) when cow beef was cooked with paracetamol and without paracetamol. The PH3C pH meter was used to determine the cooked solution pH, Protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method of protein determination, The fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane, the loss on drying method was utilized to determine the moisture content, a heating furnace was used to determine the amount of ash in the sample and the ash was further analyzed for micronutrients with the aid of atomic absorption spectroscopy (Buck scientific 210VGIP Atomic absorption spectrometer). The result from the study showed an increase in the concentration of moisture, fat, ash and micronutrients in beef cooked with Paracetamol and a decrease in the protein content and pH values of beef cooked with Paracetamol. This study demonstrated that beef cooked with Paracetamol and less protein content but higher levels of fat and metal ions.

Peptic ulcer disease is due to hyperacid secretion. Various factors and agents have been linked to these disease conditions and as such these factors and agents have been the target of major conventional drugs used in the treatment and management of these conditions. This study aims to assess the therapeutic potentials of the phytoconstituents of some plants used in the treatment of
peptic ulcer disease using in silico techniques. The phytoconstituents of Ocimum gratissimum(275), Scoparia dulcis(102), Solanum
nigrum(192), and Asparagus racemosus(86) were obtained from literature sources; The 3D structure data file format of the phytoconstituents were obtained from PubChem and prepared using the ligrep domain of Maestro. Proteins with cocrystallized ligands were obtained from a protein data bank (RCSBPDB)and then prepared using the protein preparation domain of Maestro. These prepared ligands were docked against the proteins using Maestro 12.8. The drug￾likeness and toxicity profiles of the ligands with similar binding affinities as the reference standards were assessed using the Admetlab 3.0 web server. The post-docking analysis was done using Maestro12.8. Phytoconstituents from these plants; A. racemosus (1), O. grattisimum (11) S. dulcis (1), and S. nigrum (10) had a comparable binding affinity with the standard soraprazan (9.01kcal/mol) when docked against proton pump 7W49. Also, phytoconstituents from these plants; A. racemosus (6), O. grattisimum (17) S dulcis (4), and S. nigrum (6) had comparable docking score values with the standards famotidine (-6.86kcal/mol) and ranitidine (-7.49kcal/mol) when docked against
proton histamine H2 receptor 7UL3. For the phytoconstituents from these plants; A. racemosus (2), O. grattisimum (6) S, dulcis (5), and S. nigrum (6) had comparable docking score values with the standard pirenzepine (-9.07kcal/mol) when docked against muscarinic M1 receptor 5CXV. Further analysis of pharmacokinetics profiles yielded six ligands active against 7W49; eleven for
15 7UL3 and four for 5CXV as potential leads for the treatment of gastrointestinal acid disorders. However, more in silico studies like molecular dynamics simulation and pharmacophore modeling as well as in vivo and in vitro studies need to be done to validate the claim.

Antacids are usually alkaline substances that are used
to neutralize excess acid in the stomach and they are common over
the counter (OTC) medications used by patients to obtain fast
symptomatic relief from dyspepsia, heartburn, peptic ulcer, etc.
Some antacid products may neutralize more acid in the stomach than
others, the ability of an antacid to neutralize acid is expressed
as its acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). High technology equipment
like standard pH meter which is needed in the determination of
acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) are not readily available in
developing countries like Nigeria and there is also the issue of
epileptic power supply which makes it essential to determine a
suitable indicator that can be used in titrimetric method of
determining ANC which is inexpensive, simple and could be used in
routine monitoring of the quality of antacid suspensions.Also,the
Buffering capacity of the antacids are investigated to understand
the duration of action of their acid neutralizing action
Method: The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) method of analysis of
antacids was adopted,using acid-base titration (back/indirect
titration), the use of an indicator (Bromophenol Blue) was used to
determine the pH change in place of a pH meter. The samples were
coded A-T to avoid any bias in the study. All the sampled brands
has at least 1 year to expiry as indicated on the label.
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Results: A pH greater than 3.5 was recorded for all the antacid
brands analyzed in the preliminary antacid test (PAT), this proved
that they are all antacids. All the brands of antacids analyzed
for their ANC were found to meet the specification of 5mEq/dose.
However, a wide variation in the ANC results was observed among
the brands where sample I was found to have the highest ANC value
(25.50mEq/dose), while sample A has the lowest ANC value
(8.50mEq/dose). Sample B has the highest buffering capacity which
was maintained for 25minutes while sample A and G also has the
lowest buffering capacity of just 5minutes.
Conclusion: The titrimetric procedure used in this study is simple,
inexpensive, and easy to use and could be used in routine
monitoring or periodic evaluation of the quality of Antacid
suspensions and this could help prescribers to make informed
choices for their patients.
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Erectile dysfunction, a prevalent issue among men today, is characterized by difficulties in
achieving or maintaining a firm erection during sexual activity. While drugs like Viagra (a
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor or PDE5) are available, they often come with side effects like
headaches, dizziness, and vision problems. This research aims to identify the the bioactive
compounds in plants traditionally used for treating erectile dysfunction. Phytoconstituents from six plants Cyperus esculentus tubers, Piper guineense leaves and seeds, Spondias mombin leaves and fruit, Tamarindus indica fruit and seeds, Terminalia catappa seeds, and Rauwolfia Vomitoria leaves and roots were obtained from literature and their 2D strructure
data file (SDF) were retreived from PubChem. The phytoconstituents and the stanadards
sildenafil and tadalafil were docked with Phosphodiesterase enzyme (2H42) using PyRx after it
was prepared with chimera. Post docking analysis, Absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion (ADME) and toxicity profile were carried out using Biodiscovery studio, swissADME
and admetSAR software respectively. The results showed varying binding affinities of the compounds for PDE5 drug targets
comparable to the standards (≥-9.8 kcal/mol). Most of the hit compounds exhibited potential as
drug leads for use in erectile dysfunction. Lanosterol from Cyperus esculentus, Thujopsene from
Piper guineense, Lupenone from Spondias mombin and Tamarindus indica, while
Spiro[Androst-5-Ene-17,1'-Cyclobutan]-2'-One, 3-Hydroxy-,(3.Beta.,17.Beta.)- for Rauwolfia
vomitoria demonstrated the strongest binding affinity with -11.1, -10.9, -17, -18.9, and -10.9
respectively. Many of the constituents showed good therapeutic potential for the treatment of erectile
dysfunction. However, further studies such as molecular dynamic simulation, in vivo and in vitro
studies need to be carried out to further validate the claim.