DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

The primary pursuit of this project was to determine the response of a manufactured sub frequency amplification loudspeaker system capable of amplifying frequencies between 45 Hz through 125 Hz. Secondly, a 2000 W class AB power amplifier was also designed and manufactured to specifically power this loudspeaker design. Finally, using transfer function measurements, the critical identification and analysis of the character of the output wave forms in diverse listening spaces was done. This project was carried out using a low frequency transducer/driver of size 18 inches, made of Neodymium permanent magnet, a copper voice coil of 4-inches, and a diaphragm made of sturdy paper film. This driver/transducer is tightly suspended within a casket which comprises of a robust acoustic (wooden) compartment made of birch plywood of thickness 4 millimeters(4mm), with an internal rigid structure, critically designed in a bandpass configuration for maximum acoustic power output within which the transducer is
immersed/suspended and made to resonate. The CLASS AB power amplification system was specifically manufactured using bipolar junction transistors, give a maximum output power of 2000 W. This was chosen since an efficiency of about 75% can be gotten. In order for the frequency/amplitude response to be got, we used several third-party measurement softwares to determine and analyze various response traces using sweeps and test signals in various listening spaces. The third party software include: RATIONAL ACOUSTICS SMAART V8, ROOM EQ WIZARD(REW), DECIBEL-X. And finally, for the determination of the dispersion(horizontal and vertical) characteristics, the acoustic behavior of our wave fronts and the simulation of our response respectively was predicted using: EASE FOCUS 3 and MEYER SOUND SIM

Wireless communication systems are crucial for variety of applications, necessitating continuous operation and high availability. Dead zones, interferences, and bad overlapping all result into discontinuous communication and this numerous dis-advantages led to the prompting of this study. Thegoal of this study is to establish a robust wireless network architecture that guarantees constant connectivity. This was made possible through the use of various software’s such as; Tamosoft, Ruckus ZoneFlex T300, Ekehau Heatmap, and Riverbed. Ekehau Heatmap was employed to analyze the existing network system for continuous communication, Tamosoft was employed to perform out a throughput test to determine the distance area while Riverbed was used to design a network system using dual access points (APs) with micro controller and one service set identifier (SSID) that was embedded in the Ruckus ZoneFlex T300. At the end of the research, a vast area was covered by three APs and one SSID. An extended range of network coverage can be achieved with numerous APs and one SSID, based on the data that was recoded. Based on the analysis, a 15000 x 15000 kilometer for continuous communication was designed

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes a kind of network which interconnects various devices with the help of internet. IoT assists to transmit data with among devices, tracing and monitoring devices and other things. IoT make objects 'smart' by allowing them to transmit data and automating of tasks, without human interference. A health tracking wearable device is an example of simple effortless IoT in our life. A smart city with sensors covering all its regions using diverse tangible gadgets and objects connected with the help of internet is another example. However, there are still a lot of challenges and issues that need to be addressed to achieve the full potential of IoT. These challenges and issues must be considered from various aspects of IoT such as applications, challenges, enabling technologies, social and environmental impacts etc. This project presents a simple method for developing Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Home Automation System that monitors the electrical energy consumption of our houses with real-time tracking. A custom node microcontroller unit (ESP) serves as the main control unit. It is interfaced with sensors that give the real time status of the surroundings and also monitor various appliances like lights, fans, etc. Light bulbs and sockets are used to resent the house hold appliances. Communication between human and electrical devices is orchestrated via an android application namely Blynk. Test results of the designed system show that the electrical appliances can be turned On and Off by the Smart arrangement.

The amount of sunlight that strikes the earth’s surface in an hour and a half is enough to handle the entire world’s energy consumption for a full year. Solar Power Technology is one of the major types of green and renewable energy. They are used to convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage. This project is titled “The Design of a Standalone Solar Power System for Four Offices in Electrical/Electronic Department”. The project aims to design and install a Standalone Solar system to provide power supply for the critical loads present in four offices in Electrical/Electronic department, University of Benin. The methodology employed in this project was to calculate and estimate the electrical loads and critical loads in the four offices in Electrical/Electronic department, the sizing and installation of solar panels, batteries, inverter and charge controller, and lastly the test results and maintenance procedures carried out after the installation. This PV system consist of 3.5KVA 220V inverter at 50Hz which incorporates 14 300W-Solar panels all connected in parallel, 2 deep cycle batteries rated 200Ah, 12V connected in series and a 12V 200Amps charge controller. The system was designed to assess the total electric power demand. During the day the output from the PV charges the batteries and feed the load and when power failure occurs from the grid, the stored energy in the battery is again supplied back to the load in order to ensure there is always availability of power in the office.

This project focuses on designing a monitoring system using an Internet of Things (IoT) device that sends data to Thingspeak, a cloud-based platform. Solar system are affected by various factors such as temperature, weather condition and light intensity, on their output performance. These factors can lead to inefficient performance, increased maintenance cost and so on. Therefore, the aim of the project Is to design and implement an intelligent virtual monitoring system that utilizes IoT to monitor PV solar panel array. To achieve this work, the role was centred on light sensor, voltage sensor and temperature sensor. These sensors are connected to on IoT gateway or a local data acquisition unit that acts as a bridge between the sensors and the internet collects the sensors data and prepares it for transmission to the cloud. 22 Testing the monitoring system works satisfactorily. Having humidity of 85g/m3 on average, voltage of 35.78V during the day and 0V at night, temperature as high as 300c and low as 270c and luminance of 4201cd/m2 during the day and 0cd/m2 at night.

The main purpose of the project was to design a 3.5KVA inverter which makes use of both solar and mains or grid supply for charging the batteries. This is to reduce the frequency of power outages experienced in our homes and businesses.

The project was carried out with the use of two 12V batteries connected in series to give a total of 24V DC which would serve as input for the inverter when on inverting mode and give an output of 220V AC for household appliances. Incorporated within the inverter was load control features, such that when the inverter stops charging and starts inverting, at a particular battery level set by the user, the heavy loads would be cut off while supply of power to the light loads continues. But when critical battery level is reached the light loads are also cut off and the inverter shuts down. This was done using Microcontroller in controlling relays which either powers on the load or cuts off the load when the battery is low. The proposed inverter design has two outputs through which load management was achieved. One of the outputs is designated to light loads and the other to heavy loads.

The Microcontroller DSPIC30F4012 controls the load stage which can be programmed through the keypad to monitor the output power to the loads in output one and two, to ensure they do not draw power beyond the limits programmed by the user. To achieve this, the Microcontroller cuts off either of the outputs which exceed the set limit. The project was successful and the test results obtained was satisfactory. The inverter's operation was consistent with the design and the desired control of power consumption and power management was achieved.

s that incorporates the ATmega328P microcontroller for precise control of two servo motors. The primary objective is to enhance the energy efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems by optimizing the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across both horizontal and vertical axes. The ATmega328P microcontroller serves as the central control unit, receiving real-time data from sun position sensors. By utilizing this data, the microcontroller calculates the optimal angles for the solar panels to maximize their exposure to sunlight throughout the day. The servo motors are responsible for executing these calculated movements, ensuring that the panels are constantly aligned with the sun. The research focuses on the detailed design and construction process of the Dual Axis Solar Tracker System, including the integration of the ATmega328P microcontroller. Performance evaluation includes tracking accuracy, energy yield, and cost-effectiveness. The findings demonstrate that this innovative solar tracking solution significantly enhances the energy capture capabilities of solar installations, making it a promising technology for improving the sustainability and efficiency of renewable energy systems in various applications.

The main purpose of the project was to design a 3.5KVA inverter which makes use of both solar and mains or grid supply for charging the batteries. This is to reduce the frequency of power outages experienced in our homes and businesses. The project was carried out with the use of two 12V batteries connected in series to give a total of 24V DC which would serve as input for the inverter when on inverting mode and give an output of 220V AC for household appliances. Incorporated within the inverter was load control features, such that when the inverter stops charging and starts inverting, at a particular battery level set by the user, the heavy loads would be cut off while supply of power to the light loads continues. But when critical battery level is reached the light loads are also cut off and the inverter shuts down. This was done using Microcontroller in controlling relays which either powers on the load or cuts off the load when the battery is low. The proposed inverter design has two outputs through which load management was achieved. One of the outputs is designated to light loads and the other to heavy loads. The Microcontroller DSPIC30F4012 controls the load stage which can be programmed through the keypad to monitor the output power to the loads in output one and two, to ensure they do not draw power beyond the limits programmed by the user. To achieve this, the Microcontroller cuts off either of the outputs which exceed the set limit. The project was successful and the test results obtained was satisfactory. The inverter's operation was consistent with the design and the desired control of power consumption and power management was achieved.

This project involves the design of a hybrid renewable energy system using solar and wind for residential areas and to use the system to generate sustainable electricity for household consumption, independent of fluctuations in the weather. A review of previous works was carried out, radiation (solar) and wind data (speed) was collected using Northern part of Nigeria as a case study and then load listing for a typical household was done. The subsystem of the Hybrid Renewable system was organized in a block diagram and then each of the subsystem was designed. The Design Calculation (result and finding) was that a typical household requiring 11KW per day. Each Subsystem requires a PV subsystem requires with 6 solar panels of 1000w connected in series, Wind subsystem with rotor blade Radius/Length of 5m is required with 11kw 24V Turbine, an Energy storage subsystem of 24V, 13000AH which is 10 (1300AH) batteries in series and an Inverter required is 15KW 24V inverter.
Overall, this research provides a comprehensive framework for the design of a hybrid renewable energy system that combines the strengths of solar and wind resources. The proposed system offers a reliable and environmentally friendly solution to meet the increasing energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions, ultimately contributing to a cleaner and more sustainable energy in the future.