ARTS

The challenge of moral decadence in Nigerian Society has led to disorderliness and have also led to devaluation of values, this is due to the decline in parental authority and the influence of technological advancement as it af ects theinculcation of right values. The aims and objective of this essay was to unravel what these causes are, and to prof er solution to how this challenge couldbecurbed. The findings of this essay from documented evidences in the text, has led to recommending a moral education and reorientation to curb the problemof moral degradation in order to enhance social order.

This research work examines the impacts of modernizationontheIgue Festival in the Benin Kingdom using Ekiadolor Town as a case study. Itcovers the historical foundation of Ekiadolor Town and the impactsofmodernization on the Igue Festival in Ekiadolor Town. There is alsoabriefexamination of the Benin history from the period of gerontocracy totheObadynasty, the different traditional practices that characterizes the Igue Festival, and how modernization have impacted the celebration of the Igue Festival inrecent times.

Crop farmers and Cattle herder’s conflicts have remained themost prevailing resource-use conflict in Benue State especially in Ado, Agatu, Apa, Otukpo Local Government Area. Social and economic factors continue toinflameviolent conflicts. The competition between these two agricultural land user-groupsthreats the means of survival and livelihoods of both groups in the aboveLocal Government Area.1 This chapter considered the background of the studyandtheresearch problem.

This project examined the, Mitigation and Hedging in Ika, then and now. Ika is spoken in Agbor, located in the southern part of Nigeria, Delta state. It can also be included as a local language study, in various academic institutions in Agbor, Delta state. The native speakers of the Ika reside in Agbor, Delta state, and are also fluent in Standard English. The Objective of the study is to know how mitigation and hedging is used, and how it is important in Ika. Mitigation has to do with lessening the gravity of an offence or a mistake. It is important to mitigate during a conversation, especially when talking to older people, so it does not look offensive to him/her. Hedging is a type of Mitigation that makes communication polite and successful. The theoretical framework used in this research study was that of Ethnography of community. This theory was able to analyze the communication within the sociocultural setting of Ika community. The SPEAKING model was employed to analyze the speech event within the Ika cultural context. The method of data collection used, to collect and analyze the data for this research work was, Qualitative method of data collection, as it involves interviews, audios, and video recordings. This was collected from competent/native speakers of Ika. The method of data analysis was the use of SPEAKING model from Ethnography of communication, which was proposed by Dell Hymes in 1962. The major findings of this work are, the researcher was able to know how Ika speakers mitigated and hedge then and now, and also the importance of mitigation and hedging in Ika. The researcher recommends that, the competent speakers and aged ones should make out time to school the younger, and non-competent speakers of Ika, to be causious of the use of offensive words in the community. By so doing, it will curb the use of unpleasant or unfavorable words.

This study focuses on metaphorical expressions in Yoruba language with aspecificapproach to semantics. The aim of the study is to examine the metaphorical expressions in Yoruba and to identify the semantic properties that contribute totheirmeanings, while its objectives are to identify the metaphorical expressions inYoruba, determine the semantic features that characterize these expressions and to investigatethe ways in which these expressions are used in conversation. The study seekstouncover the cultural and linguistic intricacies of Yoruba metaphors. By analyzingthese expressions, it aims to enhance linguistic analysis, provide cognitive insights, of er an interdisciplinary perspective, and facilitate practical applications inlanguage education and cross-cultural communication.The data for this studywascollected through oral interview which was conducted with five competent speakersof Yoruba whose ages were between 50 and 65, two men and three women whoarevast with the knowledge of Yoruba language. The conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) wasemployed for the analysis of the data. The reason for adopting this framework is dueto its ability to uncover underlying conceptual structures within language andculture. By applying CMT, the study aims to analyze how abstract concepts are understoodand communicated through metaphorical expressions in Yoruba, facilitating adeeperunderstanding of cognitive processes, and linguistic nuances. The datawerepresented according to the dif erent metaphorical expressions gotten fromthedatacollection. The data were analyzed and the concepts were realized and explainedextensively via primary metaphors, cultural metaphors, embodied metaphors, conceptual metaphors, and image schemas. The findings revealed a diverse analysisof metaphorical expressions deeply embedded within Yoruba culture, sheddinglight on the intricate conceptualization of key concepts. Through the lens of Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), the analysis unearthed a nuanced understandingof concepts such as friendship, education, leadership, community, time, communication, emotions, success, family, and strength. Lastly, the study recommends further studiesin this area and also to delve into the historical and cultural origins of Yorubametaphorical expressions, their impact on language acquisition, and their cross-cultural interpretation.

This essay conducts a mythographical evaluation of Kola Eke’s poetrywith the intention of exploring how the poet has used myths sourced fromtheYoruba, Igbo and Benin ethnic nationalities to envision socio-political changeinNigeria. The qualitative research methodology is employed specificallythetextual analytical approach to read the various myths and their functions inthepoems. The essay employs the theory of mythography to interprete the variousconnected to the use of myths. The researcher finds that the poet invokes Yoruba, Igbo and Benin myths for socio-political change. The essay concludes that KolaEke invokes mythical figures to actualise social control, articulate societal redirection and envision accountability.

The repatriation of an item with deep historical, spiritual, and cultural significance might seem like a mere gesture of colonial redress. But this ceremony was different, and it was about much more than a single physical object. In fact, it was a watershed moment in the West’s recognition of the cultural damage inflicted by colonialism.1 This instance
only acts as one of many testaments to the role art that can play in international relations. In turn, while morality may play a role in a state’s decision to return these looted works, further political and economic incentives may provide a bigger insight into the rationale behind the return of these figures

This study focuses on language and conflict Resolution in Ekosodin CommunityOviaNorth-East Local Government of Edo State. Human beings are the most unpredictablecreatures and the differing nature makes disagreement inevitable and sometimes it canlead to long-lasting conflicts. This can be resolved by employing the use of languageasacommunication tool. Data for this study was collected through interviews and participant observation. The theoretical framework for this study one Politeness theory byBrownlevinson and communication Accommodation theory by Giles and Coupland. Findingsrevealed that the use of positive, tone and polite terms can help in resolving conflicts. Thestudy recommends that these should be imbibed by all, as it will go a long way tomakethe society a peaceful place for us all. Key words: Peace, Conflict, Use of Language, Communication, resolution

Pour commencer, une part significative de la migration africaine se déroule à l'intérieur du continent, avec plus de la moitié migrant entre les pays africains. Environ un migrant sur quatre a l'Europe comme destination. L'Afrique de l'Est et de l'Ouest accueillent la majorité des migrants, représentant près de 60 % des migrants internationaux en Afrique. Cependant, en 2020, l'Afrique du Sud et la Côte d'Ivoire ont accueilli le plus grand nombre d'immigrants. Seuls 12 pays africains ont un taux de migration positif, i diquant plus d'arrivées de migrants internationaux que de départs.

This study examined the influence of packaging on the patronage of fast food products in Benin metropolis. The objective of the study was to suggest ways in which patronage of fast food in Benin City will be improved. The theoretical construct and model were derived from “Howard Sheth Model”, Customers satisfaction theory by Henry Dixon (1999), and cognitive Dissonance Theory. The survey design was used in the study. The instrument for data collection was a researcherstructured questionnaire. The sample size was determined using the Taro Yamane formula, A sample of 390 respondent was selected through a simple random technique from 9 zones. The population of the study was 429,000 being the estimated population of Benin in 2018. The data generated were presented and analyzed using frequency table and simple percentages. The study revealed that packaging influenced Benin Residents patronage of fast food products. It was discovered that attractive colours on packs; graphic designs; package design; text; size; package materials and shapes greatly contributed to the increase in patronage of these products. A further finding revealed that socialization, beautification of packs, price, well spelt out nutritional benefits of the product, expiration period, proximity, cost, family-craving, convenience contributed to the increase in patronage of these products. It was therefore recommended that fast food operators should pay considerable attention to the packaging of their products to boost and sustain patronage