2025

worldwide, requiring standardized assessment tools to ensure accurate evaluation and effective rehabilitation. Despite their clinical importance, the knowledge and utilization of stroke assessment scales among neurological physiotherapists in Nigeria remains inconsistent. This study sought to address this gap by assessing the knowledge and clinical application of stroke assessment scales among neurological physiotherapist in Benin City, Edo State. Aim: This study evaluated the knowledge and utilization of stroke assessment scales among neurological physiotherapists in Benin City, Edo State. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey of 43 licenced neurological physiotherapists was conducted using a validated questionnaire. Data were analysed with SPSS (v27) using descriptive and Chi-square statistics at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Most respondents showed fair knowledge (55.8%) and moderate utilization (46.5%) of stroke assessment scales. A significant association existed between knowledge and utilization (p = 0.010). Gender was found to influence knowledge level although educational qualification and professional cadre showed no significant relationship. Conclusion: Neurological physiotherapists in Benin City possess moderate knowledge and usage of stroke assessment scales, yet a critical gap persists between awareness and practice. Strengthening continuous professional development and institutional support is essential to bridge this gap and foster evidence based standardized stroke rehabilitation.

This paper has examined the subject of ethical knowledge and professional behaviour among student radiographers in University of Benin, Nigeria. The data were collected via standardized self-administered questionnaires and a descriptive cross-sectional survey was performed among the clinical year students (300 to 500 level) of the organizations. Purposive sampling and descriptive statistics were the choice of the study to ensure the analysis of the data by means of SPSS version 29. Findings showed that most students (78.6) displayed positive understanding of the main ethical concepts, where the informed consent (96.0% correct), patient response to refusal (98.8% correct), and autonomy (91.3% correct) were significantly high. The level of professional conduct knowledge was exceptionally good (94.0 percent good knowledge) and 99.6 percent of them have a correct understanding of the procedures in managing complaints and 99.2 percent of them understand the boundaries of their profession. There were however loopholes in the understanding of patient confidentiality nuances, where 17.1% believed that patient information would never be disclosed and in any way. Some of the common ethical questions that were posed were poor supervision (means of 1.94/4.00), poor description of procedures (means of 1.81/4.00) and not obtaining proper consent (means 1.58/4.00). It was found in the study that core ethical knowledge is present among student radiographers but specific treatments that deal with practical application of ethical concepts in clinical settings are required. Suggestions given are more ethics integration in clinical training, better supervision process, establishment of mentorship programs to address ethical choices, and establishment of an ethical culture of accountability and reporting errors.

This study examined the utilization of laboratory instructional materials in the teaching and learning of Biology across different school types. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected from 80 randomly selected students using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, percentages, and mean scores (with 2.50 as the decision benchmark) were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that essential laboratory tools—including microscopes, specimen jars, laboratory charts, prepared slides, cover slips, and basic reagents—are commonly utilized for biology learning. The study further found significant differences in the use of laboratory instructional materials across schools. Private schools made greater use of laboratory materials due to better funding, availability of resources, and well-trained teachers. Urban schools demonstrated higher access to laboratory equipment, easier replacement of damaged tools, and more frequent hands-on activities compared to rural schools, which often rely on improvised materials. Similarly, big schools utilized laboratory resources more effectively than small schools because of better staffing, resources, and infrastructure. The study concluded that disparities in funding, accessibility, and teacher competence strongly influence the degree of laboratory material utilization in biology learning. It recommended improved funding, provision of additional laboratory tools, continuous teacher training, timely replacement of outdated equipment, and strong partnerships with NGOs and private organizations to ensure equitable access to quality science education.

This study investigated the problems militating against the effective use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the teaching and learning of Chemistry in public secondary schools within Egor Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. Guided by a descriptive survey design, the study sampled 100 respondents comprising 40 Chemistry teachers and 60 students drawn from selected public schools. A structured questionnaire and brief interviews were employed to gather data, which were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and mean statistics. Findings revealed that AI integration in Chemistry education is significantly low, with minimal availability and usage of AI tools such as virtual laboratories, simulations, and intelligent tutoring systems. Major barriers identified include inadequate infrastructure such as erratic electricity supply, poor internet connectivity, insufficient computers and digital devices and lack of technical support. The study further established that teachers, though generally willing to adopt AI, possess low competency levels due to limited training and poor exposure to AI-based instructional tools. Additionally, weak policy implementation, inadequate funding, and bureaucratic delays were found to hinder the effective deployment of AI initiatives in public schools. Despite these challenges, respondents strongly agreed that AI has the potential to enhance learning outcomes in Chemistry if properly integrated. The study recommends sustained government investment in digital infrastructure, continuous teacher training on AI pedagogy, curriculum reform to incorporate AI concepts, and strengthened partnerships between schools and private technology organizations. It concludes that effective AI integration requires a coordinated multi-stakeholder approach that addresses infrastructural deficits, builds teacher capacity, and ensures consistent policy execution, thereby positioning Chemistry education for improved innovation and student engagement

This study explores how Bisphenol A (BPA) and different phthalates leach from unused plastic bottles when kept at a steady temperature of 40 °C in deionized water. The use of deionized water which is free from salts, ions, and organic matter, provided a clean, neutral environment that allowed a clear view of how these chemicals naturally migrate from plastics into water. Over a 96-hour period, BPA concentrations were measured using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), with recorded values of 2.92, 2.40, 2.42, 2.74, and 2.96 µg/L at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The initially high BPA value was likely due to surface residues being quickly released into the water, while the slight drops at 24 and 48 hours suggest a brief stabilization or re-adsorption on the bottle surface. The subsequent rise at 72 and 96 hours indicates that BPA continued to diffuse from inside the plastic into the surrounding water which is a process encouraged by the constant heat. Phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) showed similar patterns, with their concentrations gradually increasing over time, confirming that additive migration is a slow but continuous process. Although the highest BPA concentration measured (2.96 µg/L) is far below the U.S. FDA’s safety threshold of 5mg/kg body weight per day, it is well above the extremely strict European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2023) limit of 0.2 ng/kg body weight per day. This finding suggests that even new, unused plastics can release trace amounts of potentially harmful chemicals when exposed to warm or storage conditions for extended periods. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of monitoring plastic safety and highlights how everyday temperature exposure can influence the release of chemical additives into water, with potential implications for both health and the environment

Sharenting, the practice of parents sharing their children's images, videos, and personal information online, has become an integral aspect of digital parenting in the social media age. This study explores sharenting behaviours among Christian parents, focusing on how their faith, privacy concerns and social influences shape their decisions to share their children's lives online. The rapid expansion of social media has made sharenting a common practice, yet concerns regarding child privacy, digital footprints and ethical considerations remain relevant. This research aimed to understand the extent to which Christian values influence sharenting practices, the motivations behind parents' sharing decisions, and the perceived risks and benefits associated with online sharing. The study employed descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, to analyse responses from Christian parents at Foursquare Gospel Church. The findings indicate that older parents are more privacy-conscious than younger parents. Strong religious commitment was linked to less frequent sharenting, emphasizing values like modesty, discretion, and stewardship. However, many parents acknowledged the benefits of online sharing, such as strengthening family bonds and fostering Christian community ties. Despite this, privacy concerns and potential risks, such as cybersecurity threats and loss of child autonomy, influenced their decisions. The study concludes that Christian parents navigate a balance between faith, social connection, and digital responsibility. It recommends faith-based digital literacy programs to help parents make ethical, informed decisions about sharenting.

The study explores how two great collections of poems, Webs of Remembrance by Removing Raji and Odia Ofeimun London Letter, gives voice to communities affected by environmental destruction. The research would explore how these poets highlights the ongoing economic and ecological violence against indigenous communities and the poets role in advocating for environmental rights and justice.Raji's work documents the environmental degradation in Nigeria and Benue, critiquing the corporate and governmental policies that harm the local ecosystem. while Ofeimun's poems addresses the daily struggle lagosians faces due to environmental hazard. Through a comparative analysis, the study will show how literature serves as a power fIndigenousul medium for environmental advocacy, social critique and cultural preservation in the Nigerian context.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of single parenthood on students’ academic performance in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government area, Edo State. In order to achieve this aim, literature was reviewed under the concepts of study. The survey research design was used. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the schools while the simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants of the study. The sample size of the study constituted of 100 students selected from a total student population of some selected secondary school in Ikpoba-Okha. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to produce descriptive statistics. Data were presented on tables and charts with frequency and percentages. The findings of this study reveal that single parenting influences the academic achievement of the children as most single parents do not have a reliable source of income, do not always pay their children’s fees on time, do not provide most of their school needs (textbooks, school bag and shoes) and do not regularly provide food for their children before and after school. Also, it was revealed that the educational attainment of single parents influences the academic performance of students as more than half of single parents in Ikpoba-Okha were uneducated; do not always check their children’s books at home; do not always create time to do assignments with their children at home; do not always attend PTA meetings in school and do not always create time to discuss with them about school. Findings also show that, single parenting is caused by unfaithfulness, marital violence, premarital pregnancy, poverty, divorce and death of spouse. Based on the findings, the study made some recommendations to the Ministry of Family and social welfare, school administrators and Parents.

NIL

The Nigerian Constitution under Chapter IV provides for an expansive Catalogue of fundamental rights, yet the realization and enforcement of these rights remain significantly constrained in practice. This thesis critically interrogates the barriers to effective enforcement of fundamental human rights in Nigeria, with a particular focus on the legal framework, judicial attitudes, procedural constraints, and socio-cultural impediments that collectively render rights protection largely aspirational. It evaluates the adequacy of the existing enforcement regime, including the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, and exposes deep institutional limitations such as overloaded courts, cultural barriers, security sector impunity, and the weak reach of legal aid mechanisms.Drawing on comparative lessons from other common law jurisdictions, especially India, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, the work highlights alternative enforcement models that have widened access to justice, embraced public interest litigation, and mainstreamed international human rights norms. The research adopts doctrinal and comparative methodologies and relies on primary legal sources, judicial decisions, and empirical data from official reports to provide a grounded analysis. The study argues that meaningful enforcement of human rights in Nigeria requires an interlocking suite of statutory, procedural, institutional, and cultural reforms. It concludes with robust recommendations for reforming court processes, enhancing judicial activism, strengthening legal aid, and institutionalizing public education to bridge the gap between normative guarantees and lived realities of human rights in Nigeria.