YIELD, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SWEETORANGE(Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck) LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATES ANDBAGASSEEXTRACTED USING THREE DIFFERENT METHODS

Leaf protein concentrate as an alternative protein source was first suggested as a human food in the 1960s (Tripathi et al., 2011) and research to develop a potential product was conducted in the 1960s and 1970s (Gilani and Lee, 2003). Statistics have shown that there is an increasing rate of protein deficiency globally which has continued to intensify with the rapidly increasing global population growth rate, currently at 1.04% (David, 2021). This increase in population has indirectly made the availability of traditional sources of protein scarce, especially in the tropics where population growth rate and malnutrition are more intensified. In livestock production, the provision of adequate feed composition required by farm animals remains a challenge, owing to the inadequacy or unavailability of feed material to maintain livestock. The major protein feed sources such as soybean meal, fishmeal and groundnut cake for monogastric farm animals are all conventional protein sources for farm animals, and the increase in demand for these commodities has led to their increased cost. These protein feed commodities as well serve as potential human food, and due to their limited availability, there is competition for these commodities to be prioritized for human or livestock nutrition (Akaeze et al., 2015)