NANOPARTICLES

Engineered materials with at least one dimension between 1 and 100nanometer are known as nano-materials. The energy, cosmetic, aerospace, in addition medicinal industries, among many others, all stand to benefit from the unique features of nano-fluids in addition colloidal suspensions made up of different nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are regarded as excellent candidates for the creation of smart drilling fluids, i.e., fluids with specifically tailored rheological in addition flow characteristics, owing to their distinct physio-chemical features. The capacity of the drilling mud to sustain cuttings is represented by its rheological properties (gel- strength, viscosity, in addition yield points), which is a crucial drilling mud feature. Failure to utilize mud with the required rheological property could lead to formation damage from excessive circulation pressure that breaks gel in additionclogged pipes from poor cutting suspension. This project is aimed at defining magnesium oxide effect on nanoparticles on the gel-strength of water base drilling mud, comparison of the gel-strength property of magnesium Oxide nano-base mud to conventional water mud, comparison of the gel-strength property of magnesium oxide nano-base mud to conventional water base containing Banana peel which improves the gel- strength of drilling mud. Laboratory preparation of the various samples of drilling mud at l0sec, 5min, l0min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 40min after 600rev/min agitation produced enough gel-strength data for each samples for graphical representation in addition analysis of gel-strength of the prepared samples of the drilling mud. The prepared samples are Sample 1 (bentonite clay mud (blank)), Sample 2 (bentonite mud + 0.5g Magnesium oxide), Sample3(bentonite mud + lg Magnesium oxide), Sample4(bentonite mud + 2g Magnesium oxide), Sample5 (bentonite mud + 0.5g Magnesium oxide + 2g of banana peel), Sample6 (bentonite mud + lg Magnesium oxide + 2g of banana peel), Sample7 (bentonite mud + 2g Magnesium oxide + 2g of banana peel), Sample8 (bentonite mud + 2g of banana peel). From the laboratory data in addition gel-strength vs time plot it was observe that the The sample formed a progressive type gel that began flat at llbf/100ft3 with the gel strength at l0sec in addition l0min being the same but rapidly improved as the static time increased. Sample 2 generated a flat-type gel that began flat at 21 bf/100 ft3 with the gel strength at 0 sec in addition 0 min remaining constant, but did not increase consistently as the static time increased. Sample3 - sample8 produced either a high-flat gel or a high- progressive gel, Sample3 in addition Sample4 which produced a high-flat gel as compared to the Sample4 - Sample8 which Also produced a high-progressive mud.

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that includes synthesis and development of various nano-materials. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of incubation period on the antimicrobial activities of magnesium chloride nanoparticles on bacteria isolated from a diseased Manihot esculenta leaf. Three bacteria were isolated from the diseased Manihot esculenta leaf obtained from three different farms. The antibacterial activities of Moringa oleifera and aqueous extract were performed using agar well diffusion method. From the results, no activity was recorded against the test isolates (0.00+0.00 cm) but this was significantly different from the control which showed zone of inhibition ranging from 2.60+ 0.10 cm for Enterobacter Ludwigii GM7 to 3.20+0.10cm for Erwinia spp after incubation periods of 24hrs and 48hrs respectively. The result of this study reveals that magnesium chloride nanoparticles (at all concentrations) had no effect on the pathogens. Further studies should be however conducted to unravel the reasons behind this resistance by the test isolates against synthesized MgONp.