ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS

The antimicrobial activity, proximate composition and phytonutrient contents of the ethanolic extracts of the young and mature leaves of Greenwayodendron suaveolens were analyzed using standard microbiological methods. The moisture contents of the young and mature leaves were 9.9% and 11.882% respectively. The ash contents of the young and mature leaves were 6.142% and 6.418% respectively. The crude fiber content of the young and mature leaves was 5.550% and 5.080% respectively. The crude fat content of the young and mature leaves was 14.750% and 18.870% respectively. The crude protein content of the young and mature leaves was 1.338% and 1.025% respectively. The carbohydrate content of the young and mature leaves was 72.220% and 68.607% respectively. The phytonutrient analysis carried out indicated that percentage alkaloid was 24.43 and 11.45 in the young and mature leaf extracts respectively. Phenolic contents were 64.00 µg/mL and 51.00 µg/mL in the young and mature leaf extracts respectively. Flavonoid content was 39.50 µg/mL and 13.75 µg/mL in the young and mature leaf extracts at respectively. Saponin content at 1,147 µg/mL and 1,205 µg/mL in the young and mature leaf extracts respectively. While tannin content was 65.00 mg/mL and 47.25 mg/mL in the young and mature leaf extracts at respectively. The ethanolic leaf extracts of Greenwayodendron suaveolens inhibited the growth of all the test organisms at the concentration of 25 mg/mL

Extracts from different parts of the Newbouldia laevis plant (leaves, stem bark and roots bark), have been shown to possess antimicrobial, anti-malarial, antioxidant, nociceptive and antiinflammatory properties. Previous experiments carried out have shown that the extracts from the leaf, stem bark and root bark have anti- inflammatory. But none of these studies have ascertained the IOP reducing effect of the extracts from the leaf, stem bark and root bark of the Newbouldia laevis plant in the eyes which was studied in this investigative work. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ethanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis leaves, stems, and roots on physically induced corneo-conjunctival inflammation and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits. Thirty (30) rabbits were used for this study and these rabbits were grouped into six ranging from group A through to group F. Each of the six experimental groups was treated with different extract (leaf, stem, or root) of Newbouldia laevis, while the control group was treated with sterile water. From the study, it was found that all three extracts (leaf, stem, and root) were effective in reducing corneal inflammation and increased IOP, and showed significant differences compared to the control group. ANOVA analysis used on the study showed the statical significant values (p < 0.005 was taken to be statistically significant) of the various treatments for corneal inflammation, ranging from group A- C having p values of: 0.002, 0.001, 0.265, respectively and induced IOP having p values of: 0.002, 0.002, and 0.001, respectively. During the course of this study, the leaf extract was found to be the most potent in the treatment of both the inflammation and induced IOP