Agricultural machinery

This study presents the design and fabrication of a Smart Internet of Thing (IoT)-based feul monitoring system for agricultural tractors. The system aims to improve operational efficiency, minimize fuel theft, and enhance real-time decision-making in mechanized farming. It integrates an ultrasonic fuel level sensor, NodeMCU V3 microcontroller, GPS, and GSM modules to provide continuous fuel data and location tracking. Using Blynk and Thing Speak IoT platforms, real-time fuel levels, consumption trends, and geographic positions were displayed through web and mobile interfaces. Calibration and testing revealed that the system achieved high measurement accuracy with an error margin of less than ±5%, Wi-Fi data transmission latency between 6–8 seconds, and SMS alert delay of 7–12 seconds. The prototype demonstrated effective performance under field conditions, withstanding vibration, heat, and moisture without data loss. Results confirm that the developed IoT-based system is affordable, reliable, and user-friendly for small- and medium-scale farmers. It enables efficient monitoring of fuel resources, enhances accountability, and supports preventive maintenance through analytics and alert mechanisms. Overall, the system bridges the technological gap in fuel management for agricultural operations in developing regions and contributes to sustainable mechanization practices.

This study investigates the impact of agricultural funding on food production in Nigeria from 1990 to 2022, focusing on key variables including agricultural machinery, deposit money banks' loan to the agricultural sector, federal government's annual agriculture expenditure, and agricultural credit guarantee scheme. Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis, the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between these factors and food production outcomes. The results reveal a significant positive influence of agricultural machinery on food production, highlighting the importance of mechanization in enhancing agricultural productivity. Additionally, higher government expenditure on agriculture is found to positively influence food production levels. However, the relationship between bank loans to the agricultural sector and food production is inconclusive, warranting further investigation. The presence of an agricultural credit guarantee scheme shows a significant but unexpected negative impact on food production, calling for deeper exploration. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are proposed, including prioritizing investments in agricultural machinery, increasing government expenditure on agriculture, and revamping
agricultural credit schemes. These measures aim to enhance agricultural productivity, ensure food security, and contribute to sustainable economic development in Nigeria.