O. Oriakhi

This study assesses Nigeria's foreign policy under the administration President Muhammadu Buhari from 2015 to 2023, with emphasis n s objectives, implementation, achievements, and challenges. The research examines how the Buhari administration pursued Nigeria's national interest through security diplomacy, economic diplomacy, regional cooperation, and international engagement. Using a qualitative research design, the study relies on secondary sources of data, including government publications, scholarly journals, books, policy documents, and reports from international organizations. The analysis is anchored on the Realist Theory of International Relations, which emphasizes the pursuit of national interest and state security in foreign policy formulation. The findings reveal that the Buhari administration recorded notable successes in strengthening regional cooperation against terrorism, enhancing Nigeria's role within ECOWAS and the African Union, promoting anti-corruption initiatives internationally, and attracting foreign investment in critical sectors. However, these achievements were constrained by persistent domestic insecurity, economic recession, declining foreign direct investment, border closure policies, and inconsistencies in policy implementation, which affected Nigeria's diplomatic influence and global image. The study concludes that although Buhari's foreign policy reaffirmed Nigeria's traditional Afrocentric orientation and commitment to regional peace and security, its overall effectiveness was limited by internal political, economic, and security challenges. The study recommends greater policy consistency, improved economic management, stronger institutional capacity, and a balanced approach that aligns domestic development priorities with Nigeria's foreign policy objectives to enhance the country's international standing and leadership role in Africa.

The #EndSARS protests of 2020 in Nigeria marked a significant moment in the country’s contemporary socio-political history, characterized by widespread youth-led demonstrations against police brutality and the Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS). This study examines the impact of social media on the mobilization, coordination, and visibility of the #EndSARS protests. Drawing on secondary data from news reports, online posts, and existing literature, the study explores how platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and WhatsApp were used to disseminate information, share eyewitness accounts, raise funds, and coordinate protest activities in real time. Findings indicate that social media played a critical role in amplifying the movement beyond physical locations, enabling rapid information flow and fostering solidarity among participants across different regions and the diaspora. Hashtags such as #EndSARS and #SARSMustEnd served as digital tools for awareness creation and agenda setting, while also attracting global attention and support. However, the study also highlights challenges, including the spread of misinformation, government responses such as internet restrictions in certain areas, and the use of social media surveillance. The study concludes that social media significantly shaped the dynamics of the #EndSARS protests by enhancing civic engagement and political participation among Nigerian youths. It recommends the responsible use of digital platforms for activism while encouraging policy reforms that protect freedom of expression and digital rights in Nigeria.

This study examines the economic impact of fishing on the Ilaje people, with particular reference to Ayetoro Community between 2015 and 2025. Fishing has remained the primary occupation and source of livelihood for the people of Ayetoro, contributing significantly to household income, employment generation, food security, and local economic development. The study investigates the extent to which fishing activities have influenced the socio-economic well-being of residents, while also assessing the challenges confronting the sector during the period under review. The research adopts a historical and descriptive approach, utilizing both primary and secondary sources of data. Information was gathered through interviews with fishermen, fish traders, community leaders, and relevant stakeholders, while published materials, government reports, and academic literature provided supplementary data. Findings reveal that fishing has played a vital role in sustaining the local economy by creating employment opportunities and supporting related businesses such as fish processing, transportation, and marketing. However, the industry has faced several challenges, including environmental degradation, declining fish stocks, inadequate modern fishing equipment, climate-related factors, and limited governmental support. The study concludes that despite these challenges, fishing remains a crucial economic activity in Ayetoro Community and continues to shape the livelihoods of the Ilaje people. It recommends increased investment in modern fishing technologies, improved environmental protection measures, access to credit facilities, and the formulation of policies aimed at promoting sustainable fisheries development. These measures would enhance productivity, improve living standards, and ensure the long-term viability of fishing as a source of economic growth in the community.

The apprenticeship system in Igbo land is a unique and ancient systemof education and socialization, which has been in existence for centuries. The system, which is known as "Otundi Igbo" in the Igbo language, has played a vital role in the social, economic, and cultural
development of the Igbo people. This paper will focus on the history of the apprenticeshipsystem in Igbo land, with a case study of Onitsha between 1970 and 2015.1
The Igbo people are one of the major ethnic groups in Nigeria, with a population of about 40 million people. They are known for their entrepreneurial spirit and their strong sense of community. The apprenticeship system is a traditional way of learning and practising a tradeor craft, and it is an integral part of Igbo culture. The system involves a young person (usually a male) being taken under the wing of an experienced artisan or businessman, known as the "master," for a period of training and practical work. The apprentice lives with the master andlearns the trade or craft through observation, practice, and guidance