FOREIGN

This study examined the effect of Tax Policy on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows
in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of tax concessions. Using annual time-series data spanning 1994-2024, the study employed a short-run
Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework to analyse the dynamic relationships
between major tax policy instruments, tax concessions, and foreign direct investment. The
analysis focused on Company Income Tax (Cit), Customs and Excise Duties (Ced), Petroleum
Profit Tax (Ppt), Value Added Tax (Vat), and Tax Concessions (TAXC), while controlling for
exchange rate movements (EXR) and corruption rating (COR).The results of the Augmented
Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root tests showed that the variables attained stationarity at different
levels, while the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds tests indicated the absence of
cointegration and a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables, thereby justifying
reliance on short-run dynamic estimation. The empirical findings from the baseline model revealed that CIT, CED, PPT, VAT, and
TAXC do not exert statistically significant direct short-run effects on foreign direct investment
inflows in Nigeria. However, the results of the moderated model indicate that TAXC
significantly moderate the relationships between CIT and FDI, as well as between VAT and FDI. These findings indicate that tax concessions function more effectively as complementary fiscal
instruments that condition the impact of selected taxes rather than as standalone investment
incentives. In contrast, tax concessions were found not to significantly moderate the effects of
CED or PPT on FDI.

The aim of this project is to carry out a comparative evaluation of foreign and homebased manufactured hybrid 3.5kva inverter system. Conventional non-hybrid inverter systems are characterized by their dependency on the grid, low efficiency in solar charging, limited energy management capabilities, and ineffective communication between components. Therefore, this endeavor is designed to integrate hybrid features to overcome these shortcomings. The process entailed comparing a hybrid inverter system to address the limitations of non-hybrid inverters and to do this, we incorporated an alternative power source, i.e. solar energy, to charge the battery. This involved designing an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) charge controller and seamlessly integrating its circuitry with that of the inverter in the non-hybrid system. Additionally, we established effective communication between the DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller on the inverter and the DSPIC30F2010 microcontroller on the MPPT circuitry using serial communication, which we integrated into the inverter. All communication protocols were outlined in the source code. To ensure organization and tidiness, we housed all these components within a single enclosure. The project successfully achieved its intended objectives by comparing the hybrid features of the homebased and foreign manufactured inverter systems. Through meticulous design and implementation, all identified limitations were effectively addressed, leading to significant improvements in system performance and functionality. Relevant tests such as output voltage and frequency test, load and no load test, as well as power efficiency tests were carried out to compare the performances of the foreign and home based manufactured hybrid inverter systems. The performance of the home based hybrid inverter was 219.8V for output voltage versus 230V for the foreign. Frequency for home based was 50.04Hz versus 50.0Hz for the foreign. Both inverters displayed a comparable sine wave output. Power efficiency for home based was 90.64 percent while for foreign, it was 94.5 percent, these results show that there was no remarkable difference between the output of the home based compared to the foreign inverter. Furthermore, the locally assembled inverter cost far less than the foreign counterpart. Hence, this study proves that cost efficient inverter systems can be manufactured locally.

This primary task of this study was to examine Third World Countries, Foreign and Domestic Economic Development: xamination of the Impacts in Nigeria. The study adopted a descriptive survey. The population for this study was Lecturers from the University of Benin. A total number of twenty (20) respondents from the Departments of Political Science and Economics were drawn from the population of the study using the purposive sampling technique. The research instrument for the study was a Questionnaire titled: ‘Third World Countries, Foreign and Domestic Economic Development: Examination of the Impacts in Nigeria’ which was distributed to the respondents and collected immediately after completion. The simple percentage and mean score was used in computing the responses of the questionnaire items. To account for the reliability of the study, the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used which gave a value of 0.83. At the end of the study, the researcher found amongst others that the inflow of foreign aid and development assistance, contributes to poverty reduction and human
development outcomes in Third World nations; foreign aid effectively alleviates poverty and improves living conditions; foreign aid contributes to the development of private sector enterprises and entrepreneurship. It was recommended amongst others that the government should explore microfinance institutions and small enterprises in driving domestic economic development in third world countries