P. BASSEY

This study was carried out in the southwestern part of Nigeria in Ondo State which lies within Latitude 7° 09’ 50.1” and 7° 12’ 20.6”N, and Longitude 5° 13’ 30.5”E and 5° 14’ 30.1”, with the aim of assessing the physical, microbial and chemical parameters of the groundwater. Random sampling technique was employed in obtaining water samples from both the surface and groundwater in the study area. A sterilized one liter plastic bottle was used to collect water samples and were immediately transported to the laboratory for physico-chemical and microbial analysis. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected; seven (7) groundwater samples and three (3) river samples. The physicochemical parameters determined and values obtained are as follows: Electrical conductivity ranged 300 and 960us/cm, Temperature 25.00 to 25.01℃, pH of 6.6-9.2 with a mean value of 6.9, TDS shows a mean valve of 25.69mg/l, COD from 5-18.4 mg/liter with mean value of 10.65mg/liter, Turbidity ranged 1.5 to 6.0 NTU with mean valve of 1.03NTU, Cl- 106.50 to 426.00mg/l, SO42- 0.41 to 2.87 mg/l, TSS shows a mean value of 0.411mg/l, TS 1.33 to 4.33 mg/l, NO3- 23.73 to 41.48mg/l, Mg ranged from 0.42 to 0.67 mg/liter which is within the WHO limit with mean valve of 0.41mg/l, Ca 0.10 to 0.41 mg/l, HCO3- 7.00 to 22.00mg/l, Na ranged from 2.8 to 3.9 mg/liter with mean value of 1.47mg/litre, K 0.41 to 1.20 mg/l, Mn 0.01 to 0.11 mg/l, Fe 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, Zn 0.01 to 0.65 mg/l, PO4- 0.07 mg/l for all locations. Pb showed a mean value of 0. 011mg/litre. Result of analysis revealed that the ground and surface water in the study area appears to be generally potable, due to concentration of heavy metals being mostly under/within the WHO standard regulation. The pH, salinity and electrical conductivityin the study area was moderate. The colour for some samples were brownish – colourless. The presence of microbial organisms in water is from sewages, septic tanks, and animal faeces. The surface water found within the study area is Ofuso River. The water quality in the study area is generally potable.

This study was carried out with the aim of delineating and establishing the lithofacies present in the well. From a depth of 4,500 feet (4500 feet) to 11,500 feet (11500 feet) from the Well ‘X’ in the Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Southern Nigeria, 117 ditch cutting samples were taken from the Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and processed for sedimentological analysis. We created a lithostratigraphical map for the well that included lithofacies, lithofacies units, formations, and related minerals. Four lithofacies—sandstone, sandy shale, shale, and shale sand—are revealed by the sedimentological examination of the well (4500–11500 feet) in Southern Nigeria's Niger Delta Basin. Twenty-seven (27) lithofacies units were found in the well, including the following: the Sandy Shale lithofacies at units 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 17, 20, 22, and 26; the Shale lithofacies at units 1, 5, 23, and 25; the Sandstone lithofacies at units 11, 13, 18, and 27; and the Shaly Sand lithofacies at units 3, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, and 24. In conclusion, the litholog application for studying Well ‘X’ was able to delineate and establishing the lithofacies (Hydrocarbon Play Elements) that are present, as the well under study has hydrocarbon play features such as source rock, reservoir rock, caprock, traps, and seals.

This study was carried out in the southwestern part of Nigeria in Ondo State, which lies within Latitude 7° 09’ 50.1” and 7° 12’ 20.6”N, and the longitude 5° 13’ 30.5”E and 5° 14’ 30.1”, with the aim of assessing the physical, microbial and chemical parameters of the groundwater. Random sampling technique was employed in obtaining water samples from both the surface and groundwater in the study area. A sterilized one liter plastic bottle was used to collect water samples and were immediately transported to the laboratory for physico-chemical and microbial
analysis. A total of ten (10) water samples were collected; seven (7) groundwater samples and three (3) river samples. The physicochemical parameters determined and values obtained are as follows: Electrical conductivity ranged 300 and 960us/cm, Temperature 25.00 to 25.01℃, pHof6.6-9.2 with a mean value of 6.9, TDS shows a mean valve of 25.69mg/l, CODfrom5-18.4mg/liter with mean value of 10.65mg/liter, Turbidity ranged 1.5 to 6.0 NTU with mean valveof1.03NTU, Cl- 106.50 to 426.00mg/l, SO4 2- 0.41 to 2.87 mg/l, TSS shows a mean valueof0.411mg/l, TS 1.33 to 4.33 mg/l, NO3 - 23.73 to 41.48mg/l, Mg ranged from 0.42 to 0.67mg/liter which is within the WHO limit with mean valve of 0.41mg/l, Ca 0.10 to 0.41 mg/l, HCO3- 7.00to 22.00mg/l, Na ranged from 2.8 to 3.9 mg/liter with mean value of 1.47mg/litre, K0.41to1.20mg/l, Mn 0.01 to 0.11 mg/l, Fe 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, Zn 0.01 to 0.65 mg/l, PO4 - 0.07 mg/l for all locations. Pb showed a mean value of 0. 011mg/litre. Result of analysis revealed that the ground and surface water in the study area appears to be generally potable, due to concentration of heavy metals being mostly under/within the WHO standard regulation. The pH, salinity and electrical conductivity in the study area was moderate. The colour for some samples were brownish–colourless. The presence of microbial organisms in water is from sewages, septic tanks, and animal faeces. The surface water found within the study area is the Ofuso River. The water quality in the study area is generally potabl