E. M. ETUK

Fire outbreaks in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings continue to pose significant threats to lives, property, and the environment, largely due to delayed detection and inefficient response mechanisms. Traditional fire-fighting systems often rely on manual operation or wired infrastructure, which may limit their effectiveness during emergencies. This study presents the design and development of a smart wireless fire-fighting system aimed at improving early fire detection, rapid alerting, and efficient fire suppression within building environments. The proposed system integrates temperature sensors, smoke sensors, and flame sensors with a microcontroller unit to continuously monitor environmental conditions in real time. Wireless communication technology is employed to transmit data and alerts to a central control unit and authorized mobile devices, enabling remote monitoring and timely response. Upon detecting abnormal conditions indicative of fire, the system automatically triggers alarms and activates fire-suppression mechanisms such as water sprinklers while simultaneously notifying building occupants and emergency responders. The design emphasizes low power consumption, scalability, and reliability, making it suitable for both smalland large-scale building applications. Simulation and prototype testing results demonstrate that the system is capable of accurately detecting fire incidents at an early stage and responding within a short time frame, thereby reducing potential damage and enhancing occupant safety. The wireless architecture eliminates complex wiring requirements, reduces installation costs, and allows easy expansion and maintenance. Overall, the smart wireless fire-fighting system provides an effective, intelligent, and cost-efficient solution for modern building fire safety management and contributes to the advancement of smart building technologies.

Poultry farming is a crucial agricultural sector that provides protein and economic opportunities, particularly in rural communities. However, small-scale poultry farmers often face challenges in egg incubation due to unreliable electricity and the high costs of conventional incubators. This study explores the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a solar-powered egg incubator tailored for small-scale poultry farmers. The proposed incubator harnesses renewable solar energy to maintain optimal incubation conditions, ensuring stable temperature, humidity, and automated egg turning. The research employs a systematic approach, including component selection, design calculations, computer-aided design (CAD) simulations, and prototype fabrication. The incubator is designed to be cost-effective, energy-efficient, and scalable, making it accessible to farmers in off-grid areas. Performance tests demonstrated that the incubator maintained an internal temperature range of 37–38°C, achieving a hatchability rate of 91% and a fertility rate of 95%. Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis validated its thermal efficiency and air circulation patterns. The results indicate that solar-powered incubation is a viable alternative to conventional methods, reducing dependency on fossil fuels while enhancing productivity. This study contributes to sustainable poultry farming by offering a practical, environmentally friendly, and economically viable solution for small-scale farmers. Further research is recommended to explore large-scale applications and the integration of automated control systems