E.C. ONYENEKE

This study evaluates the antioxidant and toxicity profiles of Alstonia boonei aqueous root extract in Wistar rats, a plant widely used in African traditional medicine for its therapeutic properties. Despite its extensive traditional use, limited scientific data exist on its biochemical effects and potential toxicity. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity and safety profile of Alstonia
boonei to validate its pharmacological relevance. Fourteen Wistar rats were assigned to three groups : a control group and four treatment groups receiving varying doses (100, 250, and 500 mg/kg) of Alstonia boonei root extract for 21 days. Biochemical assays assessed glutathione (GSH), vitamin C levels, total protein concentration, and organ weights. Acute and subacute toxicity studies were conducted, and statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). No mortality or observable toxicity symptoms were recorded, confirming the extract’s safety at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. A dose-dependent increase in total protein concentration was observed in the liver, reaching 2.60 ± 0.13 g/dL in the 100 mg/kg group (p ≤ 0.05), suggesting enhanced protein synthesis. However, GSH levels declined significantly in the liver from 124.59 ± 2.62 µg/mL (control) to 23.77 ± 0.82 µg/mL (100 mg/kg), indicating a potential transient depletion of antioxidant reserves. Vitamin C levels showed a compensatory increase, peaking at 76.62 ± 27.27 µg/mL in the liver of the 500 mg/kg group. The findings suggest that Alstonia boonei root extract exhibits strong antioxidant potential while maintaining a favorable safety profile. However, the observed depletion of GSH highlights the need for caution in prolonged use. Future research should explore long-term effects, optimal dosage, and molecular mechanisms to ensure its safe application in medicine.

Azanza garckeana is a plant species native to Africa that has been used in traditional medicine. Despite its widespread use, the potential toxicity of its extracts on vital organs like the liver and kidneys remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a hydro- methanolic extract from the seeds of Azanza garckeana on liver and kidney function parameters in male and female Wistar albino rats. The extract was administered orally at doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg body weight, and various biomarkers were evaluated. For liver function, the study found no significant changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, and
conjugated bilirubin levels in both male and female rats across the treatment groups, suggesting no apparent hepatotoxicity at the tested doses. However, a significant increase in creatinine levels was observed at higher doses (300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) in both genders, indicating potential nephrotoxicity or impaired renal function. Other kidney function parameters, such as urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate levels, did not show significant changes. In
conclusion, while the hydro-methanolic seed extract of Azanza garckeana did not affect liver function, caution should be exercised regarding its potential adverse effects on kidney function, particularly at higher doses. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential implications for human use.