GROUND WATER

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of groundwater flow direction in Iyuku, Auchi, offering valuable insights into hydrogeological conditions and the factors influencing groundwater movement. The wells were chosen to ensure spatial coverage of different geological formations and topographical variations. Key parameters such as hydraulic head, ground surface elevation, and static water level were measured using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and a dip meter. The hydraulic head was calculated by subtracting the water table depth from the surface elevation, providing insights into groundwater movement. A total number of ten (10) hydraulic head values were analyzed which ranges from 121.92 to 297.882. The collected data were processed using ArcGIS 10.8 software, which was utilized to generate a potentiometric surface map indicating groundwater flow direction. The GIS-based methodology allowed for precise mapping and visualization of the spatial distribution of groundwater movement within the study area. The results of the study revealed that groundwater in Iyuku, Auchi, predominantly flows from the northeastern region toward the southwestern region. This flow pattern is driven by variations in hydraulic head, which is influenced by factors such as topography, geological formations, and groundwater recharge and discharge zones. The presence of fractured basement rocks and
sedimentary deposits in the area plays a crucial role in groundwater movement by creating pathways for water infiltration and flow. Furthermore, the study identified that unregulated human activities, such as improper waste disposal, sewage leaks, and agricultural runoff.