FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

As globalisation alters the way society interact with the forces that allowsforprogress and continuity, the African continent continues to struggle in its quest tokeep pace with the West. Consequently, there is a burgeoning populationtakingroot in African diaspora communities as more immigrants arrive the shoresofEurope and America. This increase in immigrants accentuates the different social classes that exist in the west as there is the clear dichotomy between thosewhoare subordinate races displaced from their origins, and those who arelegal citizens trying to emphasize ownership and control of their own space. Therefore, issues of subjugation, racial discrimination, emphasis on social classes andacrisisof identity are all by products of this widespread expression of social mobility. This research examines how Igoni Barret and Buchi Emechetaexplore these realities in Blackass and The NewTriberespectively in other to combat the lingering challenges of racial discrimination that makes cross cultural contact and interaction a challengingexperience for blacks. This research also reawaken Africans to theneedto reassert their own identity in the face of imperialism and neocolonialism.

The study sought to evaluate the recruitment policy and manpower
utilization in the civil service; using Edo state as a case study. Seven
research questions were raised for the study; what considerations guide the processes of recruitment in Edo state civil service? Are respondents satisfied with the transfer policies of the Edo state civil service? Are respondents satisfied with the appraisal policies of the Edo state civil service? Are selection and placement processes in Edo state civil servi2efv ce acceptable? Are selection and placement in the civil service of Edo state done on merit? To what extent are the staff members utilized in the civil service of Edo state? Are sanctions effective in checking selection irregularities the Edo state civil service? The research method
for designs to be used is case study and survey method. This is where various ministries and departments of the state civil service are consulted. Information gathered from the different departments and ministries would be used for this project. A sample of two hundred (200) respondents was used for the study. Data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Frequency distribution and percentage analysis is used to analyze the research question while T-test and ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses raised. Findings show that 53% of respondents agree that the processes of selections is fair and 52.5% strongly agree and 43.0% agree that the employment equity is considered,31.0% however disagree. In distribution of manpower 101 respondents which is 50.5% disagree that government of origin is adequately represented in the Edo State civil service. 25.0%
strongly disagree that they are satisfied with the promotion system 34.0% disagree but 25.5% agree and 15.5% strongly agree. Respondents largely agree that the selection process is fair acceptable as 53.0% agree and 38.0% strongly agree. 121 respondents agree (60.5%) and 24.0% strongly agree that the manpower force in the civil service is adequate. Responses show
that sanctions are present but are not always applied. 50.5% held that cases of suspected irregularities are seldom reported to management. However 35.0% held that management takes disciplinary action often 41.0% responded that it is sometimes that management takes disciplinary action 24.0% held that the disciplinary action is seldom taken. The study recommends a review of the recruitment policy must be made expedient for the smooth implementation of the policy and the civil service commission should embark on a comprehensive audit and appraisal of workers to identify the gaps in manpower utilization in Edo state civil
service

Child neglect and abuse are wide spread phenomenon impeding on the overall academic performance of children in schools globally. The level of assimilation of any student, reflects the primary environment of growth and the internalized motive of that child. According to Osigwe (2014), although principals and teachers’ essential concern is on how students attain high standard academic success in the school environment, good performance in school is greatly determined by the social environment of children outside of the classroom. Just as the home and neighborhood environments of children can enrich their school experiences, negative environments can also have a detrimental impact on both students’ academic performance and their classroom behavior. One of the most potentially damaging of these environmental factors is child abuse.

The impact of domestic violence on academic performance of students: implication for social work practice in Benin Metropolis, Edo State.” is written to critically examine the impact of domestic violence on academic performance of students in Benin City. The study also aims to examine the types or forms of domestic violence against students in Benin City. The Researcher obtained data from both secondary and primary sources like questionnaire, The paper concludes that the issue of domestic violence can not be over emphasized, this is becausedomestic violence are ofdifferent formsand can come in different ways such as psychological,emotional, economic, just mention but a few, Thus, the paper recommends the following Comprehensive and extensive premarital counseling should be given to intending couples on how to manage their marital relationship in order to avoid domestic violence. There should be public enlightenment through the mass media on the negative effects of domestic violence against students or children, especially at homes and schools. Social workers should vigorously teach against domestic violence in their places of workshops. Youths should be encouraged and taught to detest and not imitate brutish treatment of children around them. The community should socialize its members to the beliefs, values, knowledge, customs and norms of domestic violence. This would help to reduce domestic violence. Punishment given to grievously offending parents should be publicized, so that it can serve as deterrence to others. Social workers should organize seminars and outreach programmes to enlighten the people on the need for a violence free society with the home as the cradle.Young couples planning to get married should beguided on the ways to avoid violence in the intimate relationship of marriage. The government should establish and fund counseling centers at the community, and Local Government levels and employ professionalsocial workers tohelp victims and perpetrators of domestic violence

Migration is an increasingly familiar experience in today’s society. Disparities in economic development have resulted in the emergence of uneven and rapid urbanization and industrialization across the world, making migration a diverse and complex phenomenon. Migration and single- parenting are common features of third world country like Nigeria. For many decades Africans have sought employment abroad due to high unemployment rates and economic hardships. The motivation for this research, therefore, rested on the potentially significant number of children affected by parental migration. therefore, this research study aims to examine effects of migration on migrant families in Benin city. The research design for this study is the descriptive survey research design. The study was conducted in Benin City with a population of 899,626. The target population comprised market and women association, etc all in Benin Metropolis. Therefore, a sample size of 400 respondents was gathered for the investigation. The study made use of the semi structured questionnaire in soliciting response from the respondents. This work studies the effects of migration on migrant families in Benin. It explains the impact of migration on families, and households of migrant spouse. Also, the study found tthat parental migration has a negative impact on school attendance for children left behind. There is considerable increase in inflows of migrant remittances to Nigeria and these remittances have not only improved household standard of living but have become an important source of income for consumption smoothing in Nigeria recommendations were also made aimed at understanding the effect of migration on migrant families.

Godfatherism has emerged as a dominant feature of Nigerian politics, with significant implications for political conflict and governance at the state level. This study examines the role of godfatherism in the persistent political conflicts that have plagued Edo State in recent years. The research explores how powerful political godfathers, who often wield significant influence over political parties and electoral processes, contribute to the breakdown of democratic norms and institutions in the state. It analyzes how the struggle for political power between godfathers and their political "godsons" leads to electoral malpractices, violence, and the undermining of the will of the electorate. Drawing on primary data from interviews with key stakeholders, as well as secondary sources, the research provides valuable insights intothe complex dynamics of godfatherism and its implications for political con flict in the state. The problems were observed and it shows that there is high degree of political apathyism among the Nigerian people who felt that their vote does not count. Even those with political interest now conclude that it is who the Godfather wants that actually gets into office. This has gradually affected political participation. The findings of this study contribute to the broader understanding of the challenges of democratization in Nigeria and offer recommendations for addressing the corrosive effects of godfatherism on the political process. From the study, it is recommended that the evils of Godfatherism need to be greatly tackled by all and sundry, particularly the government and civil society in order to ensure adequate political participation by Nigerians.

This study examines the role of trade unions in solving employees' problems within the Edo State Civil Service. The research investigates the extent to which trade unions have been effective in addressing key workplace challenges such as low wages, irregular salary payments, poor working conditions, lack of career development opportunities, workplace harassment, and job insecurity. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collected through structured questionnaires and interviews with civil servants in Edo State. The findings reveal that while trade unions have
made notable progress in negotiating better wages and ensuring salary payments, they have been less effective in addressing non-economic issues such as workplace harassment and career development. The study identifies major challenges facing trade unions, including inadequate funding, limited employee support, and interference from management. Recommendations are made for enhancing the effectiveness of trade unions, such as advocating for comprehensive career development policies, addressing workplace harassment, and expanding their focus to include social and psychological welfare of employees. This research contributes to the broader discourse on labor relations in Nigeria by highlighting the evolving role of trade unions in the public sector and providing actionable insights for improving employee welfare. Keywords: Trade unions, employee welfare, civil service, Edo State, workplace challenges

Background: human beings engage in a number of activities such as extractions and mining, manufacturing, transportation, agricultural cultivation (e.g., bush burning), food and mineral processing, as well as other anthropogenic activities that exert significant impact on the environment. The adversative consequence of environmental emission on human habitation, food production, human migration and human health is significantly felt through the decline in average life span of humans. Objective and methodology: This study evaluated the effects of environmental emissions on life expectancy with particular emphasis on Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and bounds testing approach was utilized in analyzing the data to be employed in this study. In addition, the study employed annual data set for a period of fifty (50) years spanning 1970 to 2019. Similarly, data on Carbon (iv) dioxide emissions in Nigeria (million tonnes), Methane emissions (million tonnes) in Nigeria and Nitrous Oxide emissions (million tonnes) in Nigeria were derived from the Global Carbon Project (2020), while data on per capita income was obtained from World Development Indicators of the World Bank (2020). Similarly, data on Life expectancy at birth (years)
was sourced from the United Nations World Population Prospects (2019). Results: The coefficient of Carbon (iv) dioxide emissions was negative in the short run estimated results. However, it was positive in the long run. similarly, Carbon (iv) dioxide emissions was statistically significant at 1% critical level in the long run and short run estimation results respectively. Similarly, the coefficient of Methane emissions was negative and statistically significant at 1% critical level in the short run estimation results. Also, the result indicated that Methane emissions was negative and statistically significant at 1% critical level in the long run estimation results. Furthermore, the coefficient of Nitrous Oxide emissions was positive both in the short run and long run estimation results. The result further established that while the coefficient of Nitrous Oxide emissions was statistically significant at 10% critical level in the short run, it became statistically significant at 1% critical level in the long run. Similarly, the coefficient of real GDP per capita was positive both in the short run and long run estimation results in the period of assessment. The result further established that while the coefficient of real GDP per capita was statistically insignificant in the short run, it was found to be statistically significant at 1% critical level in the long run estimation results. Recommendations: It was recommended that the Nigeria should adopt a stringent environmental control measures that will help reposition the country’s environment through enhanced carbon control policy. Specifically, it is recommended that Carbon Taxes should be introduced to help reduce the unwarranted industrial processes contributing a large volume of the total greenhouse gas emissions increase in the country. To mitigate the negative effects of Methane emission gases, there is an urgent need to draft relevant policies to regulate all human activities that trigger the release of methane gases into the ecosystem especially in the area of production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil, livestock and other agricultural practices, land use and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. The moribund environmental regulations should be reactivated to ensure the reduction of Methane emissions across the 774 local government areas in Nigeria. it was also recommended that the government and all relevant stakeholders in the agricultural and industrial sectors to work collaboratively in ensuring that policy effort are implemented to limit the frequent release of Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in the course of agricultural, land use, industrial activities, combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater.

This research examined revenue allocation and political stability in Nigeria. The research seeks to examine the impact and challenges of allocation on different tiers of government in Nigeria, to investigate how revenue allocation has defined political stability in Nigeria and to examine the extent to which the statutory allocation formula adopted in the past has affected the path of economic growth and development in Nigeria. The research adopted the human capital theory as theoretical framework. The study largely adopted the library research method as secondary data were utilized and content analyzed. The study concludes that revenue allocation in Nigeria both in the pre-independence era and the post-independence era has been fraught with cotroversies. It was revealed that all the revenue allocation formulae have been geared towards the favor of the federal government, given that they have the highest share of the federation account. The study therefore recommends that that the state and local government be given a higher share of the revenue, given that they are seen to be closer to the citizens. It was also recommended that transparency, accountability, and efficiency on the part of all the levels of government should be enshrined to ensure that revenue allocated to specific projects are utilized appropriately, that way preventing the abandonment of projects when a new government emerges

The study employs yearly data from 1980 to 2021 to analyze the Balance of Payments in Nigeria. Its primary objective is to explore the long-term determinants of Nigeria's Balance of Payments. The investigation employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). The long-run ARDL regression findings indicate a negative exchange rate effect, while the short-run results show a positive value. Furthermore, the coefficients for FDI, GDP growth, interest rates, and crude oil prices are all positive and statistically significant. The research suggests a compelling case for government intervention to stimulate economic productivity. To foster economic growth, capital investment and expenditure are crucial. The government should entice foreign investment by providing incentives to potential foreign investors. Additionally, the government should enhance security and establish a sense of belonging in the Niger Delta to promote peace and ease of operations in the oil industry