FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

JSON APIs are fundamental to modern web and mobile applications which enables seemless communication between client/server applications as well as other integrated systems that enhances a robust usability of an application.The Course Registration Portal is one of such system used to perform reliable, and scalable course registration for students in universities.
Over the years, the use of manual methods which basically, is paper-driven and labour intensive have been time-consuming and subsceptible to errors and misplacement.This project emphasizes on a more automated method for course registration by students and staffs alike.Most universities, across Nigeria have adopted the computerized systemic approach for her academic administrations and this approach birthed systems like the Uniben Portal, the WAeUP Kofa Student Management System (SMS), Computer-Based Tests(CBT) and so on.These automated systems have revolutionized the operations of academic responsibilities by University stakeholders. While putting into consideration the constraints and scope of this research, which is the University of Benin, department of Computer Science, the proposed method for this project is a student course registration portal for the Faculty of Computing, University of Benin. In an attempt to prevent or alleviate unpleasant impromptu behavior in performance of web applications, this project focuses on leveraging Chrome developer tools (DevTools) to analyze, identify and resolve performance bottlenecks that affect responsiveness, reliability and user experience of webapps.The use of the available built-in features of DevTools assists developers and system managers to be able to optimize the API performance on the web portal, and prevent
perceived inefficiency in API usage.However, this project focuses on the optimal performance of the underlying JSON API that
powers the interactions of the proposed automated system whereby, students and staffs of the department can use the system to register courses offered in each level as well as, download the courses registered and manage course administration respectively and the application would display an effective implementation of the whole process through a clean, secure, and
standardized HTTP-based interface(using Node.js), serializes internal objects or data structure into JSON responses using dedicated adapters or serializers, taking advantage of chrome devtools optimization procedure to test API behavior when a particular user sends a request through the client‘s interface to the backend server/database, employ field filtering and
pagination to reduce perceived outrageous payload sizes, implement caching headers or cachecontrol headers to retrieve organized JSON responses to users or the client‘s interface, eliminates or avoids unnecessary duplicate API calls caused by network issues or server errors, minimizes data transfer sizes and be able maintain compatibility with university trends

The search for new therapeutic agents derived from natural sources has intensified due to the global rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Medicinal plants remain a significant source of bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological potentials. This study examined the phytochemical components and bacterial inhibitory property of the dichloromethane (DCM) fraction of the stem bark of Antiaris toxicaria var. africana, a plant widely used in African ethnomedicine for treating various infections. The stem bark was extracted using 70% ethanol and subsequently fractionated with DCM using column chromatography. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were employed for chemical characterization. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with known antibacterial and antioxidant properties, including 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (18.86%), hexadecanoic acid (14.35%), benzoic acid (7.39%), and methyl stearate (6.66%). HPLC profiling confirmed the presence of important phytochemicals such as flavonoids (11.36 µg/mL), proanthocyanidins (13.99 µg/mL), flavanones (9.93 µg/mL), tannins (3.70 µg/mL), cardiac glycosides (5.53 µg/mL), sapogenins (7.96 µg/mL), and steroids (4.70 µg/mL), indicating a rich diversity of secondary metabolites. Antimicrobial testing showed that the extract exhibited inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19 mm), Bacillus subtilis (18 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), Escherichia coli (20 mm), and Enterobacter cloacae (17 mm), but not against Bacillus cereus. Although the extract demonstrated lower activity than the positive control, ciprofloxacin, it displayed broad-spectrum antibacterial potential. Overall, the findings provide scientific validation for the traditional use of A. Toxicaria var. africana in treating bacterial infections.

Sustainable waste management is one of the most important activities in any institution, as it directly influences environmental health and campus sustainability. So far, the manual methods adopted at the University of Benin (UNIBEN) have proven to be inadequate,extremely confusing for users, and lacking in motivation, amongst other disadvantages.
This project emphasizes the need to adopt a more modern, user-centered digital solution. These methods include mobile apps and other digital interventions. Taking into consideration the constraints and the scope of the project, which is the University of Benin, the method proposed by this project is a User-Centered mobile application named "UNICYCLE." However, this project focuses on the UI/UX design and high-fidelity prototyping of this application, where the campus community can access educational guides, learn to sort waste, and be motivated through gamification. The system is validated by user feedback and
quantitative testing.
This project makes use of the User-Centered Design (UCD) approach, specifically the five-phase Design Thinking model (Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test), to represent the designs for the system architecture.
These designs served as the framework for the final prototype. The system can handle the whole process of promoting recycling behavior, from user education and motivation to providing real-time utility, validated by an "Excellent" System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 87.0

This study critically analyzes the role of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in enhancing healthcare delivery. Focusing on the period from 2020 onward, the research explores the applications and benefits of CDSS, including their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and personalize treatment through precision medicine. The study also investigates the significant challenges hindering widespread CDSS adoption, such as technical barriers like interoperability issues with Electronic Health Records (EHRs), clinician resistance due to concerns about trust and workflow disruption, and ethical considerations surrounding data privacy, algorithmic bias, and accountability. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and practices, the research aims to densify practical and innovative strategies for optimizing CDSS integration, usability, and acceptance in diverse healthcare settings, with a particular focus on the unique challenges faced by low-resource environments. The study's findings are intended to inform healthcare providers, policymakers, researchers, developers, and ultimately, patients, by providing insights into the potential and limitations of CDSS in improving healthcare delivery and patient outcomes.

Understanding customer’s preference for product features is crucial for businesses seeking to optimize their offerings and increase sales. This study aims to identify key product features that significantly influence purchasing decisions. The researchspecifically examines customer preference across different demographic groups, such as age and income levels, to determine variations in product feature importance. Using chi-square test for analysis, this study evaluates the association between demgraphic factors and product features preferences, providing insight into customer’s decision-making patterns. Based on the analysis it was found that the key product features that affect customers purchasing decision is quality and performance. The findings will help businesses tailor their marketing and product development strategies to better align with costumer expectations.

The intersection of data science and artistic expression has given rise to innovative forms of generative art, one of which is music visualization. This project, "From Data to Art: Generative Music Visualization," explores the transformation of audio data into dynamic visual representations using computational algorithms and artificial intelligence. The system analyzes real-time music input, extracting key audio features such as frequency, amplitude, and rhythm, and maps these elements to generate visually appealing and interactive graphics.

The project employs signal processing techniques, machine learning models, and creative coding frameworks to develop an immersive audiovisual experience. Technologies such as Python, Processing, WebGL, and TensorFlow are utilized to process and interpret music data, translating it into fluid, evolving visuals that synchronize seamlessly with the audio. The visualization system supports multiple artistic styles, ranging from geometric abstraction to organic particle animations, ensuring a diverse range of expressive outputs.

Through this research, the project aims to enhance the way audiences engage with music by creating a synesthetic experience that bridges sound and visual perception. The study also examines how generative music visualization can be applied in areas such as live performances, virtual reality, and therapeutic environments. Ultimately, this work contributes to the growing field of computational creativity, demonstrating the potential of AI and data-driven techniques in redefining digital art.

This research is concerned with neutrino physics in general, and specifically with neutrino mixing and oscillations. Neutrinos are massless in the standard model of particle physics, so they do not mix or oscillate. However, many experimental results now appear to support neutrino oscillations, necessitating the extension of the standard model to include neutrino masses and mixing among different neutrino flavors. In calculating the probability of electron neutrino oscillating into muon neutrino, the model equation below was used: � �� → �� = 𝑠� 2 2�13 𝑠� 2 �23 𝑠� 2 1.27∆�2 2 3 �� 2 � �� � ��� The probability was calculated using the model equation by taking arbitrary values for L/E ranging from 100-10000, using the Microsoft excel spreadsheet. The value of the probability varies between 0.093-0.24 and a graph of probability, P against ranging values of L/E was also plotted using the Microsoft excel spreadsheet. The probability of a neutrino changing type is related to the distance travelled by the neutrino from its point of production to its point of detection. As a general rule, neutrinos travelling greater distances will exhibit greater depletion from oscillation. Moreover, the oscillation varies smoothly over increasing distance.

This study examined the impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on the socio-economic empowerment of women in Ahoada East and Ahoada West Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. ICT has been widely recognized as a tool for development; however, women in rural communities often experience limited access and use due to infrastructural, economic, and socio-cultural challenges. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. A sample of 384 women was selected using Cochran’s sample size formula. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled ICT and Women’s Socio-Economic Empowerment Questionnaire (ICTWSE-Q). Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (simple linear regression) were employed for data analysis at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that women in the study area have moderate access to ICT tools, particularly mobile phones, and make regular use of ICT for communication and economic activities. ICT access, training, and use were found to significantly enhance women’s income generation, decision-making power, access to education and health information, and participation in entrepreneurial activities. However, major barriers such as poor electricity supply, high cost of data and devices, limited digital skills, and socio-cultural restrictions significantly hinder effective ICT adoption. All null hypotheses tested were rejected, indicating that ICT has a significant positive influence on women’s socio-economic empowerment. The study concludes that ICT is a powerful tool for empowering women in rural communities, but its full potential can only be realized through improved infrastructure, affordable ICT services, targeted digital literacy programs, and gender-sensitive policies aimed at promoting inclusive and sustainable development.

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates using an improved solution growth technique (SGT) at a constant temperature of 50 °C for three hours, with bath molarity varied between 0.03 M and 0.15 M. The optical and solid-state characteristics of the films were systematically investigated to evaluate the influence of precursor concentration on their structural and optoelectronic performance. Spectral analyses revealed that absorbance increased while transmittance generally decreased with rising molarity, indicating enhanced light absorption due to improved film density. The absorption coefficient (α) and refractive index (n) exhibited molarity-dependent variations consistent with changes in surface uniformity and crystallinity. Calculated optical band gaps (Eg) ranged between 3.47 eV and 3.77 eV, signifying direct allowed transitions typical of ZnS semiconductors. Notably, films prepared at 0.12 M displayed optimal optical properties, balancing high transmittance with suitable band gap energy for potential application in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices.
The results confirm that controlled bath concentration in SGT offers a simple and effective route to tailoring ZnS thin films with desirable optical and solid-state characteristics for functional material applications.

Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaves) stem barks, a widely used medicinal herb, was investigated for its phytochemical composition, elemental analysis, vitamin profile, antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammatory activities. The stem bark of the plant was
successfully extracted with ethyl acetate using maceration techniques. The phytochemical examination, elemental analysis, vitamin profile, antioxidant activities and antiinflammatory activities extract of Ocimum gratissimum were determined using established method. Phytochemical screening of the water extract of the stem bark revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, terpenoid, eugenols, protein and reducing sugar, indicating the plant’s rich bioactive profile. Elemental analysis demonstrated significant levels of essential minerals, including calcium (21.70 mg/kg), sodium (14.20 mg/kg), potassium (13.60 mg/kg), magnessium (4.68 mg/kg), and trace elements vital for human health with calcium being the most abundant. Calcium plays a vital role in the body by strengthening bones and teeth. Vitamin profiling showed
appreciable concentrations of both water-soluble vitamins (B and C) and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E). The concentration of vitamin B which includes B1 (0.27 mg/L), B2 (0.27 mg/L), B3 (0.60 mg/L), B6 (1.30 mg/L), and B12 (31.06 mg/L) were present in
moderate amounts except vitamin B12, which showed a slightly higher concentration. The other vitamins (A (77.84 mg/L), C (91.62 mg/L), D (66.33 mg/L), and E (104.48 mg/L)) were found in high concentrations, with vitamin E exhibiting the highest level, highlighting its nutritional relevance. The antioxidant potential were examined using FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and Superoxide assays. In the FRAP assay, the extract shows increasing antioxidant power with %inhibition ranging from 36.08% to 66.60% at concentration of 40-160 mg/ml confirming its electron-donating capacity. In the superoxide radical scavenging assay, percentage scavenging ranged from 25.23% to 74.00% at concentration of 40-160 mg/ml, indicating concentration-dependent activity, while in anti-inflammatory studies, the extract effectively inhibited heat-induced haemolysis, with percentage inhibition increasing from 47.78% to 74.24% (40–80 mg/mL), and albumin denaturation, ranging from 55.40% to 64.40% at similar concentrations. These results indicate potent membrane stabilization and protein protection abilities of O. gratissimum stem bark extract. The findings demonstrate that O. gratissimum stem bark is rich in bioactive compounds, essential minerals, and antioxidant vitamins, which synergistically confer strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The significant superoxide scavenging and ferric reducing power, along with inhibition of haemolysis and protein denaturation, validate its traditional use in treating oxidative stress-related disorders and inflammation. Thus, O. gratissimum may serve as a promising source of naturaltherapeutic agents for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.