FACULTY OF EDUCATION,UNIVERSITY OF BENIN

GERMINATION OF COMMON BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris) UNDER STRESS USING SALTS; SODIUM CHLORIDE (NaCl), POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (KCl) AND SODIUM BICARBONATE (NaHCO₃)

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Abstract
Beans has a longstanding position as a staple of the Nigerian diet due the fact that it is an accessible and affordable source of nutrition for a wide range of people as it is the cheapest plant protein in Nigeria and most parts of Africa. Beans is also significant in the Nigerian diet because it has a potent combination of its high nutritional content, historical use as a financial stabilizer and fixed cultural importance. Consuming beans in Nigeria is not a straightforward dietary decision, rather it is a calculated reaction to a complicated interaction between inherited customs, economic realities and public health requirements. Beans has high-quality protein and fiber composition that act as a vital defense against chronic illnesses and also solve the pervasive protein shortage. Food legumes belonging to the genus Phaseolus, family Leguminosae, subfamily Papilio- nideae, tribe Phaseoleae, and subtribe Phaseolinae are commonly referred to as beans. About 50 wild-growing species of Phaseolus are found only in the Americas; Asian Phaseolus has been reclassified as Vigna. Life histories (annual to perennial), growth patterns (bush to climbing), reproductive systems and adaptations (from cool to warm and dry to wet) are all represented by these species. Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus L.), runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus L.), tepary beans (P. acutifolius A. Grey), and year beans (P. polyanthus Greenman) are among the five domesticated species in the genus. These species have different adaptations and reproductive systems: mesic and temperate, mostly self-pollinated; warm and humid, cool and humid, outcrossing; cleistogamous; and cool and humid, outcrossing, in that order. The other domesticated species, which form a syngameon and are sibling species, are phylogenetically closer to the lima bean. In terms of 1 science and economics, the common bean is the principal species. Its wild ancestor, P. vulgaris var. mexicanus and var. aborigineus, is widely distributed throughout Latin America, from northern Mexico to northwest Argentina. The USDA in Pullman, Washington, USA, and CIAT in Cali, Colombia, both have sizable germplasm collections of both domesticated and wild types. The National Botanical Garden in Meise, Belgium, is home to the Phaseolinae reference collection. The most significant legume for direct human consumption worldwide is the common bean (Gepts, 2001).
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co-supervisor

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL MEDIA-BASED HEALTH EDUCATION CAMPAIGNS ON HEALTH PROMOTION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN BENIN METROPOLIS

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The study evaluated the effectiveness of social media-based health education campaigns on health promotion among young adults in Benin City. Although social media has become a significant avenue for spreading health information due to the increasing usage of digital platforms among young people, its influence on awareness, attitudes, and behavior is still under researched in the local setting. A descriptive survey design was used, and a structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 400 young adults chosen from all around Benin City. The data were analyzed using percentages and frequency counts. According to the results, social media-based health education initiatives are verysuccessful at promoting health in young people. According to respondents, social media has a major impact on their understanding of health concerns, their opinions and attitudes about healthy behavior, and their adoption of beneficial health habits like better hygiene,good nutrition, and preventive health screening. Significant sources of health-related content were found to be sites like Facebook, TikTok, YouTube, Instagram, and WhatsApp.Because of its accessibility, interactivity, and broad reach, social media is essential for promoting health among young adults in Benin City, according to the study's conclusion.It advises that public health organizations,healthcare professionals, and NGOs increasetheir usage of social media for health communication, ensure the correctness of shared material, work with influencers, and create engaging, interactive campaigns to improve participation and efficacy. Additionally, the research indicates that future studies should analyze platform-specific effects and assess long-term behavioral changes brought about by digital health campaign
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co-supervisor