DEPARTMENT OF CIVILENGINEERING,

This research explores the effect of using Waste Glass Powder (WGP) as a partial substitute for cement in concrete production. The study focused on identifying optimal WGP replacement levels that achieve comparable or improved strength, maintain
workability, and ensure structural integrity. A comprehensive experimental program was conducted to evaluate key concrete properties, including compressive strength, water absorption, sieve analysis and workability. Waste Glass Powder (WGP) was sourced, crushed, and ground into a fine powder .A control concrete mix was prepared using Portland Limestone Cement (PLC), fine and coarse aggregates, and water. Cement was replaced with WGP at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight, and the concrete was mixed thoroughly. Concrete samples were casted in standard molds and cured for 7, 14, and 28 days. The samples were then tested for compressive strength, water absorption, and workability using the slump test. After 7,14 and 28 days of curing, the results of the study indicate that incorporating Waste Glass Powder (WGP) at low replacement levels (5% and 10%) resulted (19.06 and 15.64) at 28 days, having a minimal impact on the mechanical performance of the concrete, with compressive strengths at these levels being comparable to, or only slightly lower than, the control mix. However, higher replacement levels (15% and 20%) resulted (15.14 and 10.88) at 28 days, in significant reductions in both compressive and flexural strengths were observed, as well as an increase in water absorption, due to the increased porosity and altered microstructure caused by the finer nature of WGP, which has a lower specific gravity than ordinary Portland cement. Slump test results also showed improved workability with higher WGP content, but excessive replacement could compromise the concrete's structural integrity. Overall, the study concludes that WGP can be a viable partial cement replacement, with optimal performance at 5–10% replacement levels, and suggests further research on optimizing mix designs using chemical admixtures and conducting long-term durability studies in various environmental conditions.

The age-less interaction between man and his built environment has always had positive and negative impacts on the two. Environmental disaster of varying origin from man-made to natural is one of the most negative effects of the built environment on man. An assessment of the magnitude of these disasters and an evaluation of the existing capacities to prevent, mitigate or
prepare for them are necessary tools to provide future safe living for man in his built environment. Building collapse established to be caused by many factors is one of such disasters wielding its great impact of loss of lives and properties on man .This study evaluated the causes of building collapse in Edo State by identifying the major causes of collapse, assessing its effect, and also assessing the roles of government and construction professionals in mitigating the occurrence of building collapse in Edo State.
The method use to carry out this study involves materials harvested from the different building collapse sites, structural analysis of the collapse building and distribution of questionnaires to gather information relevant to the study. Findings from the study show that building failure and collapse in Edo State arise mainly from a combination of technical weaknesses and human negligence. Poor structural design emerged as a major cause, followed closely by flooding, which weakens foundations, reduces soil
stability, and accelerates material deterioration. Low compressive strength of blocks, inadequate supervision, and the use of inexperienced or unqualified personnel also contributed significantly to building failures. Other notable factors include ignorance of construction standards, deliberate avoidance of building regulations, and weak enforcement of quality control measures on construction sites and in the building materials market.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the drinking water quality for four residential locations at the University of Benin, Benin City, Ugbowo Campus by carrying out physical and chemical analysis on water samples and access their safety by calculating their water quality index values and comparing with those of the Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ), and World Health Organization (WHO). Acomprehensive physical and chemical assessment was conducted on water samples collected from four residential areas within the University of Benin: Senior Staff Quarters (SSQ), NDDC Quarters, Junior Staff Quarters (JSQ), and Hall 4 Hostel. Key water quality parameters analyzed included pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), mineral content, and the presence of heavy metals. Heavy metal analysis was performed using an air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Water samples from the Junior Staff Quarters had better physical parameters while water samples at the hall 4 residence had the least quality in comparison to SON and WHO standard. However, all water samples were found to be acidic according to their pH values of 5.1 5.2, 5.4 and 5.3 for SSQ, NDDC, JSQ, Hall 4 Hostel respectively. The result gotten from water quality index calculation was 68.076, 97.10, 97.59, 94.60 for SSQ, NDDC, JSQ, Hall 4 hostel respectively.The water sample for SSQ is poor, for NDDC is bad, for JSQ is bad and that for Hall 4 Hostel is very bad