BENIGNPROSTATICHYPERPLASIAATTENUATIONAND CYTOTOXICEFFECTSOFLonchocarpusgriffonianus G. DON (FABACEAE) STEMANDROOTBARKS
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Abstract
Rising incidences of benin and cancerous tumours, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
and prostate cancer, coupled with the unpleasant side effects of current therapy, suggest a need to
search for new drug molecules. The stem bark of Lonchocarpus griffonianus G. Don
(Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in Nigeria to treat BPH and other tumour
related ailments. No pharmacological study on the use of the plant for treating BPH has been
reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L. griffonianus (LG) on BPH.
Two organs (stem and root barks) of LG were identified, collected, pulverized and extracted with
absolute methanol (99 %) using a Soxhlet extractor. Comparative preliminary biological
evaluations were done on the L. griffonianus stem bark (LGSB) extract and root bark (LGRB)
extracts using two benchtop assays (cytotoxic and antiproliferative). The acute toxicity of the LG
stem bark extract was done using a modified Lorke's method. The extract was subjected to
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Gravity Column Chromatography (GCC) to obtain
two isolated compounds, LO1 and LO2. The compounds were subjected to MS and 1D NMR
analysis for identification. The isolated compounds (LO1 and LO2) were subjected to cytotoxic
evaluation on human prostate (PC3) and uterine cervical cancer (Hela) cell lines using a 3-(4, 5
dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Anti-BPH evaluation was
done on the extract and LO1 using testosterone-induced BPH in the rat model. BPH was induced
by the administration of testosterone propionate (4 mg/kg, s.c., in olive oil) for 28 days. LGSB
extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), LO1 (5 mg/kg), LGSB extract (200 mg/kg)+finasteride (5
mg/kg) and finasteride (5 mg/kg) were orally administered daily. On day 29, the rats were
sacrificed under anaesthesia and blood was collected via the abdominal aorta. The collected
blood was centrifuged, and the serum was separated. The serum was analyzed for biochemical
parameters such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone and estradiol. The prostate was
harvested for histological examination. The wet weight and volume of the prostate were taken.
The prostate index (PI) was calculated. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error
of the mean) and were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA),The result of preliminary evaluations indicated that the LGSB extract has a higher activity (100 ±0.00% mortality at 80 µg/mL) than the LGRB extract (3.33 ± 1.29% at 80 µg/mL). Acute
toxicity results revealed no mortality in both phases after oral administration with LD50>5000mg/kg. LO1 and LO2 significantlyinhibited the multiplication of PC3 and Hela cells in vitro
and prostate cancer, coupled with the unpleasant side effects of current therapy, suggest a need to
search for new drug molecules. The stem bark of Lonchocarpus griffonianus G. Don
(Fabaceae) is an important medicinal plant used in Nigeria to treat BPH and other tumour
related ailments. No pharmacological study on the use of the plant for treating BPH has been
reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L. griffonianus (LG) on BPH.
Two organs (stem and root barks) of LG were identified, collected, pulverized and extracted with
absolute methanol (99 %) using a Soxhlet extractor. Comparative preliminary biological
evaluations were done on the L. griffonianus stem bark (LGSB) extract and root bark (LGRB)
extracts using two benchtop assays (cytotoxic and antiproliferative). The acute toxicity of the LG
stem bark extract was done using a modified Lorke's method. The extract was subjected to
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography (VLC) and Gravity Column Chromatography (GCC) to obtain
two isolated compounds, LO1 and LO2. The compounds were subjected to MS and 1D NMR
analysis for identification. The isolated compounds (LO1 and LO2) were subjected to cytotoxic
evaluation on human prostate (PC3) and uterine cervical cancer (Hela) cell lines using a 3-(4, 5
dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Anti-BPH evaluation was
done on the extract and LO1 using testosterone-induced BPH in the rat model. BPH was induced
by the administration of testosterone propionate (4 mg/kg, s.c., in olive oil) for 28 days. LGSB
extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), LO1 (5 mg/kg), LGSB extract (200 mg/kg)+finasteride (5
mg/kg) and finasteride (5 mg/kg) were orally administered daily. On day 29, the rats were
sacrificed under anaesthesia and blood was collected via the abdominal aorta. The collected
blood was centrifuged, and the serum was separated. The serum was analyzed for biochemical
parameters such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testosterone and estradiol. The prostate was
harvested for histological examination. The wet weight and volume of the prostate were taken.
The prostate index (PI) was calculated. All data were expressed as mean ± SEM (standard error
of the mean) and were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA),The result of preliminary evaluations indicated that the LGSB extract has a higher activity (100 ±0.00% mortality at 80 µg/mL) than the LGRB extract (3.33 ± 1.29% at 80 µg/mL). Acute
toxicity results revealed no mortality in both phases after oral administration with LD50>5000mg/kg. LO1 and LO2 significantlyinhibited the multiplication of PC3 and Hela cells in vitro
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