HEAVY-METAL GEOACCUMULATION ASSESSMENT OF THE EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA LITHOLOGY, BENIN CITY, SOUTHERN NIGERIA
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Abstract
This study was carried out to determine the toxicity level of heavy metals at Egor Local Government Area of Edo State (Uwelu Mechanic/Spare-parts Market) in Benin-City, by
evaluating the soil pollution accumulation and distribution resulting from the activities of automobile spear parts market and workshops in the study area. Nine (9) sample points including control were profiled at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15cm and 165-30cm. The control site which was east of the study area was situated about 1km away, and instruments used for sample collection are hand auger, Global Positioning System (GPS), ruler, sample bags, marker, and masking tapes. Laboratory analysis carried out revealed the physicochemical properties and heavy metals presence. Statistical analyses employed to investigate the heavy metal concentration, accumulation and distribution in the soil samples were performed using Pearson Correlation analysis and ANOVA analysis. Thereafter, Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index. At profile depth 0-5 cm and 15-30 cm, there is no significant difference with control values. At profile depth 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm, there was significant difference between control and Chromium, Vanadium, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Electrical Conductivity. There was positive strong correlation between all the heavy metals except Nickel and Chromium which showed only significant correlation. Cadmium, Vanadium, Lead, Zinc and Chromium showed Contamination Factor value greater than 1.5 in all the profile samples which translates to Contamination from
anthropogenic sources. Cadmium and Lead recorded high geo-accumulation index values which implies moderate to heavy contamination. Pollution Load Index of the profiles revealed that the sub soil at 10-15 cm and 15-30 cm where the most contaminated with the highest PLI values. In conclusion, the soil within the study area is heavily polluted with heavy metals due to the spilling of spent oil and dumping of scrap metals.
evaluating the soil pollution accumulation and distribution resulting from the activities of automobile spear parts market and workshops in the study area. Nine (9) sample points including control were profiled at 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15cm and 165-30cm. The control site which was east of the study area was situated about 1km away, and instruments used for sample collection are hand auger, Global Positioning System (GPS), ruler, sample bags, marker, and masking tapes. Laboratory analysis carried out revealed the physicochemical properties and heavy metals presence. Statistical analyses employed to investigate the heavy metal concentration, accumulation and distribution in the soil samples were performed using Pearson Correlation analysis and ANOVA analysis. Thereafter, Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation Index and Pollution Load Index. At profile depth 0-5 cm and 15-30 cm, there is no significant difference with control values. At profile depth 5-10 cm and 10-15 cm, there was significant difference between control and Chromium, Vanadium, Lead, Cadmium, Zinc and Electrical Conductivity. There was positive strong correlation between all the heavy metals except Nickel and Chromium which showed only significant correlation. Cadmium, Vanadium, Lead, Zinc and Chromium showed Contamination Factor value greater than 1.5 in all the profile samples which translates to Contamination from
anthropogenic sources. Cadmium and Lead recorded high geo-accumulation index values which implies moderate to heavy contamination. Pollution Load Index of the profiles revealed that the sub soil at 10-15 cm and 15-30 cm where the most contaminated with the highest PLI values. In conclusion, the soil within the study area is heavily polluted with heavy metals due to the spilling of spent oil and dumping of scrap metals.
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