Subsurface stratigraphy Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging ERI Wenner-Schlumberger array Geological formations Groundwater potential Subsurface layers Resistivity values Topsoil Dry sand

This study investigates the subsurface stratigraphy of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, using 2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) techniques. The research aims to delineate geological formations, assess groundwater potential, and map subsurface layers critical for geotechnical and hydrogeological applications. Data were acquired along two traverses using the Wenner-Schlumberger array, revealing distinct layers with resistivity values ranging from 762 Ωm to 9940 Ωm, corresponding to topsoil, dry sand, and compact silty materials.
The analysis identified three subsurface layers, with depths extending to 54.3 meters and lateral extents up to 130 meters. Stratigraphic mapping provided detailed insights into the thickness, composition, and distribution of geological units. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between resistivity values and known geological formations, enabling the identification of aquifers and their potential water-bearing properties. These findings are crucial for urban planning, infrastructure development, and environmental management.
This study underscores the efficacy of ERI techniques in subsurface investigations, offering a reliable approach for mapping stratigraphy and evaluating groundwater resources. The integration of resistivity data with geotechnical insights provides a comprehensive framework for sustainable development in urban areas, ensuring better decision-making for future infrastructure and environmental projects.