POLYHERBAL MIXTURE

This study explores the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of four medicinal plants Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf), Zingiber officinale (ginger), Citrus aurantiifolia (lime), and Curcuma longa (turmeric)—to assess their potential in treating throat infections. The research aims to determine their antimicrobial effectiveness, identify bioactive compounds, establish optimal dosages, and scientifically validate traditional medicinal use. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plants were tested against bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acdophilus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) were evaluated, showing that the extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects, especially against Gram-positive bacteria. The inhibition zones increased with higher concentrations, though the extracts were less potent than ciprofloxacin, the control antibiotic. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids, with phenolics being the most abundant. Elemental analysis identified essential macro- and microelements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and iron, which may contribute to the therapeutic potential of these plants. The study concludes that these plant extracts exhibit notable antimicrobial properties, likely due to their rich phytochemical composition, and could serve as complimentary or alternative treatments for throat infections. However, further studies are necessary to refine formulations, elucidate mechanisms of action, and assess clinical applications. This research highlights the relevance of medicinal plants in combating antibiotic resistance and underscores their potential role in natural healthcare.