O. V. EVBAYIRO

This study examines the concept of lexical relations in Ibibio, a Lower Cross language spoken in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It explores the semantic interconnections that exist among lexical items in the language, focusing on the relationships of synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, hyponymy, and meronymy. The study is anchored on the structuralist theoretical framework, which posits that meaning is relational and that words derive significance from their place within a linguistic system. Data were gathered through descriptive and analytic methods, drawing from native speakers’ intuitions and examples found in natural Ibibio usage. The analysis reveals that lexical relations in Ibibio are context-dependent and culturally motivated rather than absolute, reflecting deep connections between linguistic structures and sociocultural realities. For instance, synonymous words in Ibibio are often differentiated by pragmatic and situational nuances, while antonyms may display complementary or gradable features. The study further shows that polysemy in Ibibio is influenced by metaphorical and metonymic extensions, and that hierarchical relations like hyponymy and meronymy play a crucial role in lexical categorization and meaning organization. Overall, the research contributes to the understanding of Ibibio semantics, highlighting the interdependence between language, thought, and culture. It also underscores the need for more descriptive studies of African languages to enrich the global body of linguistic knowledge

This study investigates language contact and change among Ẹdo youths. As urbanization, globalization, and digital communication reshape linguistic practices, Ẹdo-speaking youth increasingly engage in code-switching, lexical borrowing, and syntactic shifts in their speech. These interactions, particularly with Nigerian Pidgin and English, have led to the emergence of hybrid language forms that reflect evolving social identities and cultural expressions. A qualitative research design was employed, using participants’ observation method in data collection. The findings reveal that while Ẹdo remain an important marker of cultural identity, its use is declining in informal and digital spaces. Nigerian Pidgin has emerged as the dominant language of peer communication, while English retains its status as the language of education and professional advancement. The study also highlights the sociolinguistic factors driving these changes, including peer influence, exposure to global media, and shifting cultural attitudes among urban youth. Without targeted efforts to promote and preserve the Ẹdo language, there is a risk of gradual language shift and erosion of cultural heritage. The research recommends incorporating Ẹdo into school curricula, promoting the language through digital media, and encouraging community- based language initiatives. This study contributes to the broader
understanding of language contact and change in urban African contexts and offers insights into preserving indigenous languages in a rapidly globalizing society