FARMLAND

This study aimed to determine the levels of heavy metals in pumpkin, bitter, and water leaves to evaluate their potential health risks and nutritional quality. Samples of the three types of leaves were collected from different locations in Evidence ISIOHOR OVIA NORTH EAST LGA, Benin City, Edo state and subjected to heavy metal analysis using established analytical methods. The concentrations of heavy metals, including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn), were determined and compared to international standards and guidelines. Results revealed varying levels of heavy metals in the leaves, with differences observed among the three types. Pumpkin leaves exhibited elevated levels of iron, manganese, and zinc, while bitter leaves showed higher concentrations of copper. Water leaves displayed relatively lower levels of heavy metals compared to the other two types. However, all three leaf types had concentrations of heavy metals below regulatory limits, except for lead in water leaves, which exceeded the permissible level. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring heavy metal levels in leafy greens, as they can serve as indicators of environmental contamination and potential health risks. While the concentrations of heavy metals in the studied leaves were generally within safe limits, the presence of elevated lead levels in water leaves suggests the need for further investigation and mitigation measures to ensure food safety. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the heavy metal content of pumpkin, bitter, and water leaves, contributing to efforts aimed at promoting food safety and nutritional quality. Continued monitoring and research in this area are essential to safeguarding public health and enhancing the sustainability of food production systems.