AIR POLLUTANTS

Air pollution in market environments poses significant public health risks, particularly in urban areas with high commercial activities. This study aims to determine the concentrations and health risks associated with ambient air pollutants in the Uwelu Spare Parts Market, Benin city, Nigeria. Air quality monitoring was carried out weekly from October to December 2024 at morning and evening intervals. Carbon monoxide (CO), PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations were measured via a Smart Sensor Model AS8700A, whereas temperature and relative humidity were recorded via an anemometer (BTMETER BT-100). A structured questionnaire was used to assess the respiratory health status of market users. The results revealed that CO concentrations ranged from 2.5–3.6 ppm in the morning and 2.3–3.2 ppm in the evening, remaining within the WHO (2021) limits. However, the PM2.5 and PM10 levels exceeded the WHO guidelines in the evening, indicating increased pollution due to commercial activities, generator use, and waste burning. Statistical analysis revealed significant variations (p<0.01) in the PM10 concentrations in the morning and in the PM2.5 and PM10 levels in the evening. Common respiratory symptoms reported among the respondents included cough (67%), phlegm (36%), and chest pain (20%). This study recommends improved waste management, regulated generator use, enhanced ventilation, and routine air quality monitoring to mitigate risks and protect public health. Implementing these measures can contribute to a safer market environment.