GIS

This study investigates the environmental impact of the Ekosodin dumpsite in Benin City, Edo State, on surrounding groundwater quality, specifically addressing the risks of leachate infiltration. The research aim was to evaluate twenty-two physicochemical and microbial parameters across eight sampling locations to determine the spatial extent of contamination and assess the suitability of local water resources for domestic use. By benchmarking these parameters against World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standards (NIS), the study provides a comprehensive overview of how inadequate waste management practices threaten the availability of safe potable water for the community. The methodology integrated systematic laboratory analysis with advanced geospatial modeling using ArcGIS 10.8. Groundwater samples were collected from eight borehole locations and analyzed for various physical, chemical, and biological properties, including heavy metals like Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). A Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated for each site to classify water quality, while Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation was applied to map the spatial distribution of pollutants. Furthermore, a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model was developed to quantify the relationship between five key parameters—including Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Iron (Fe)—and the calculated WQI, achieving a high predictive accuracy with an R 2 value of 0.9983. Results revealed a significant degradation gradient, with WQI values ranging from 27.20% to 130.05% (and up to 945.24% in specific computations), indicating that boreholes closest to the dumpsite possess very poor water quality unsuitable for drinking. Spatial analysis confirmed the dumpsite as the primary source of elevated heavy metals and organic contaminants, though quality generally improves as the distance from the waste source increases. The study concludes that leachate from the Ekosodin dumpsite severely impairs groundwater safety, leading to the recommendation that future boreholes be sited at least 400 meters away from disposal areas. These findings emphasize the urgent need for modernized waste management strategies and continuous groundwater monitoring to protect public health and ensure a sustainable water supply.

Urban development projects rely heavily on accurate and detailed mapping to ensure efficient planning and management of resources. This study focuses on producing a comprehensive digitized map of Iyekogba Housing Estate, situated in the Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The aim of this project is to create a detailed map that encompasses all essential features, landmarks, and amenities within the estate. Achieving this aim involves the use of advanced mapping techniques to generate precise spatial data that can support informed decision-making in urban planning and development initiatives. The methodology employed in this project involves the use of Oscar Tersus GNSS equipment to acquire survey data (X, Y, Z coordinates) of the entire estate. Subsequently, the collected data is processed using various software applications, including AutoCAD, ArcGIS, and Microsoft Excel. These software tools enable the integration, analysis, and visualization of the survey data, leading to the creation of a detailed map that accurately represents the spatial characteristics of Iyekogba Housing Estate. The results of the project are presented in accordance with the specified objectives. Firstly, the detailed map reveals the well-organized layout of individual plots (buildings) within the estate, indicating a planned development approach. Also a perimeter plan was created using AutoCAD to accurately define the boundary of Iyekogba Housing Estate. According to the perimeter plan analysis, the estate occupies an area of 510,538.983 square meters with a perimeter of 3,083.53 meters. Furthermore, a contour map was generated using ArcGIS to visualize the topographical characteristics of the study area. The contour map illustrates the elevation variations across the estate. In conclusion, this project successfully achieves its aim of producing a detailed map.