Hematological indices

This study investigated the effect of Spondias mombin extract on selected haematological indices in a type 2 diabetic rat model. Diabetes induction produced notable hematological disturbances, characterized by reductions in haemoglobin concentration (HGB), haematocrit (HCT), and red blood cell (RBC) count relative to the normal control group. These declines reflect the oxidative and metabolic stress typically associated with chronic hyperglycaemia. Administration of Spondias mombin at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg produced a clear restorative effect on all parameters assessed. HGB and HCT values in the treated groups increased markedly approaching or surpassing normal baseline levels while RBC counts also improved substantially compared with the diabetic control. The magnitude of recovery observed was comparable to the positive control group, suggesting that S. mombin possesses potent hematoprotective activity. The observed effects are likely attributable to the plant’s rich phytochemical profile, including antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, which collectively enhance erythrocyte stability, promote erythropoiesis, and counter oxidative stress. Overall, the findings indicate that Spondias mombin extract effectively mitigates diabetes-induced haematological alterations and may serve as a promising natural adjunct in the management of diabetic complications.

Hematological indices are essential for evaluation of blood composition and overall health.
They are a set of measurements and values obtained from a complete blood count (CBC) test. They include: Red blood cell count, total and differential white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets count etc. This study aims to measure and compare the values of RBCs, Total and Differential WBCs, MCV, MCH,
MCHC and Platelets between young male and female human adults. A Questionnaire was given to collect demographic and a little clinical data from the participants to ensure they met the criteria for participation.
The participants constituted two (2) groups – males and females, with each group having 20 individuals between ages 18-30. Blood samples were collected. The data obtained from the groups were presented as Mean ± S.E.M (Standard Error of Mean), (n=20) in each group and analyzed for statistical significant at (p ≤ 0.05). The statistical software used includes R and WPS sheets. The results for RBC count, MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in males than in females, while the values of total WBC count, each of the differential WBC count and the platelet count, were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in females compared to males. In conclusion, the results of this study highlights and buttress that there are significant differences between the selected hematological parameters of males and females. These variations are most likely due to physiological factors like the testosterone on erythropoiesis and the potential differences in body composition and metabolism.