Ben Ekpobedefe

This study examines the role of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) in monitoring political party campaign financing in Nigeria, with particular reference to Edo State. The research explores the extent to which INEC fulfills its constitutional mandate of ensuring transparency, accountability, and compliance with electoral laws governing political financing. It identifies key challenges faced by the Commission, including inadequate legal enforcement mechanisms, limited financial and human resources, lack of political will, weak inter-agency collaboration, and the pervasive influence of money in politics. Using a mixed-method approach comprising
questionnaires, , and document analysis, the study assesses the effectiveness of INEC’s monitoring framework and the level of compliance among political parties in Edo State. Findings reveal that despite existing regulations, campaign financing in Nigeria remains largely opaque and under-regulated, thereby undermining the integrity of the electoral process. The study recommends strengthening INEC’s institutional capacity, revising electoral laws to include stricter sanctions for violations, enhancing transparency through digital financial tracking systems, and promoting civic education on campaign finance ethics. These measures are essential for fostering credible elections and deepening democratic governance in Nigeria

This study (Examination of The Low Participation of Female Students in University Politics) examines the factors influencing the low participation of female undergraduates in university politics at the University of Benin (UNIBEN), Nigeria. Despite increased female enrollment in higher education, a significant gender disparity persists in student union governments and campus leadership roles. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to 150 female undergraduate students selected through proportionate stratified sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The findings reveal a significant gap between political awareness (76%) and active participation (26.7%). Key barriers identified include entrenched patriarchal norms, with 62% of respondents agreeing that leadership is perceived as a male domain; institutional inadequacies, such as a lack of gender-sensitive policies (50% agreement) and insufficient support from school authorities (62% agreement); and a critical deficit in mentorship and leadership training, with 64% noting its inadequacy despite 86% affirming its importance.
The study concludes that the underrepresentation of female students is not due to a lack of capability or interest but is primarily a result of structural and cultural exclusion. It recommends a multi-faceted approach, including the establishment of formal mentorship programs, the implementation of gender-balance policies in student governance, the provision of financial support for female candidates, and campus-wide awareness campaigns to challenge gender stereotypes. These measures are essential for fostering an inclusive political environment that empowers female students and contributes to democratic deepening in Nigeria.