functional feed additives

This study evaluated the effects of snail-derived chitin and chitosan on the haematological, biochemical, and antioxidant responses of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Eighteen weaner goats were assigned to six dietary treatments, including varying levels of snail chitin (3% and 6%), snail chitosan (0.5% and 1%), a control diet, and an oxytetracycline-supplemented diet. The diets consisted of 50% Guinea grass and 50% concentrate. Proximate composition of the diets showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in dry matter and crude protein, indicating that chitin and chitosan did not compromise nutrient adequacy.However, ash,ether extract, nitrogen- free extract, and ADF varied significantly (p < 0.05), reflecting the fibrous nature of the additives.Haematological and serum biochemical indices remained within normal physiological ranges across treatments, showing no adverse effects on erythropoiesis, immunity, liver function, or kidney function. Notably, goats fed 6% chitin and 0.5% chitosan exhibited slightly elevated total protein and globulin levels (p < 0.05), suggesting improved protein utilisation. Antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH) were enhanced in supplemented groups, while MDA remained stable, demonstrating reduced oxidative stress. Overall, the findings indicate that snail chitin (up to 6%) and chitosan (up to 1%) can be safely incorporated into goat diets as functional feed additives. Their inclusion supports healthy physiological functions, enhances antioxidant status, and offers a sustainable, cost-effective alternative to synthetic additives and antibiotics. Further studies are recommended to assess long-term effects, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and reproductive responses for wider commercial adoption.