FRANK IKPONMWOSA

he study aimed to examine British economic activities with particular emphasis on forest resources exploitation and utilisation in the Benin Province of colonial Nigeria. The objectives of the study were, to examine the background to the British colonial forest exploitation in Benin, to examine the Pre-colonial Benin forest and utilisation, to examine colonial rule forest policy and exploitation in Benin Province. Furthermore, to elucidate the processes of forest exploitation and utilisation in colonial Benin, and to analyse the impacts of forest exploitation on the local people and their environment. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. The primary data included oral tradition, archival materials, and unpublished dissertation and thesis. The secondary data include published books, journals, newspapers, and magazines. The Internet was also sourced for materials and Internet sources. The primary data including oral interviews were obtained through unstructured interviews, visits to the national archive, Ibadan and the National Institute for Benin study. The secondary data were collected from different libraries such as the John Harris Library University of Benin, Department of Agricultural Science Library University of Benin, Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, and online libraries such as the Jstor Library and Research Gate Library. The various data collected were subjected to critical analysis and interpretations to arrive at an objective conclusion. Qualitative analysis is the process of gathering, evaluating and interpreting non-numerical data such as interviews, raw documents like archival materials as well as textbooks and journal articles to create new
research ideas or get a deeper understanding of concepts, views, experiences, or events. The research found out from the bacKground of the study that British interest in Benin territory was motivated by economic reasons. In addition, the study found out that before the British rule, the people of Benin had an effective management of their forest to the extent that it was beneficial to the overall interest of everyone. The work also found that consequent upon British rule, forest policy became an integral aspect of the British authorities in the province. Furthermore, the study established that complex techniques and strategies were adopted in the exploitation and utilisation of timber forest products. More so, the study found out that forest exploitation had economic, socio-political and environmental impacts on the local people

The study of the place of women in the socio-political and economic life of the society from the early period to the present has aroused a wide range of interests amongst scholars and writers in recent times. Women’s study received a boost after independence especially with the declaration of the United Nations Decade for women, 1976-85. Attention was not only drawn to the need to grant greater freedom and more privileges, to womenfolk throughout the world, but also the need to study the role of women in society, their problems, and the best way to enable them to participate effectively in their own self-actualization as well as their societies and the world at large.1 It is imperative to note that even till date, Africa is not left out in the marginalization, subjugation and underrepresentation of women in politics, they have also undermined the roles women have played over time in the economic and socio development of the continent. This is despite the fact that, African women had a prestigious and recognized place in the traditional society which made it possible for the gifted ones among them to rise to positions of political, social and economic eminence.²Among them were: Queen Nefertiti of Egypt, Queen Amina of Zaria, Queen Sheba of Ethiopia, Queen Moremi of Ife, Queens Idia, Iden and Emotan of Benin, Omu of Onitsha, Omu of Ossomari among others.

This research study examined the market women association and trading activities
in Benin city Benin was known to the Europeans as early as the second half of the
fifteenth century. It remained independent until the punitive expedition of 1897. Through early trading contacts with various European nations, the stiff resistance to later European encroachment, and through the discovery of the exquisite pieces
of artwork, Benin art became widely known throughout the world. The development
of markets in Benin has involved a transition from traditional, informal system to
more formal and organized structures. While traditional markets remain important, there has been a transformation for greater efficiency and integration with the broader economy, including the use of technology. Benin has a rich history of vibrant traditional markets such as Oba Market and New Benin Market, Ediaken Market, which are crucial for local trade and supply.Women are known to be large economic participators in Markets majorly as traders. In Nigeria this setting has being since the precolonial times. This role has been evident in different markets around the world and Nigeria is included. Such market includes different market in Benin city Oliha market, Oba market, Sant

The study examines the emergence, organization, and operations of Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa and their links with other international terrorist organizations. The objectives of the study were to examine the emergence of Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa in north-east Nigeria; examine the organization and operations of Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa as violent groups opposed to the state; establish the links between Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa and their connections with other international terror groups such as Al-Qaeda, Al-Shabab, Taliban and ISIS; and assess the efforts of the Multinational Joint Task Force in combating them. The study used data collected from publications of governmental and international governmental organizations and unstructured oral interviews with serving and retired military personnel. The publications were subjected to textual analysis, while the oral interviews were stored and later transcribed and analyzed. The study found that Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa emerged in the north-east of Nigeria with its main ideology of the establishment of a pure Islamic State (theocratic state) that is based on strict implementation of Sharia law in Nigeria and the neighbouring countries of Chad, Niger and Cameroon. The terrorist groups’ attacks on the Nigerian state and the neighbouring countries of Chad, Niger and Cameroon comprising the military, para-military and civilians’ targets led to wanton destruction of lives and properties. Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa had links with other international terrorism networks such as Al-Qaeda, Taliban, Islamic State, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb AQIM and Al-Shabaab in aspects of ideology which centered on establishing an Islamic Caliphate that will address problems faced by Muslims worldwide. Other area of collaboration include training, funding, arms supply and logistic supports which facilitated their operations, expansions and attacks; and military and non military approaches adopted by the federal government of Nigeria led to the degrading of Boko Haram and the Islamic State of West Africa fighters. This thesis contends that the functionality of Boko Haram
and the Islamic State of West Africa thrived in their collaboration due to the international support they received from other terrorist organizations

This work is a concise effort to critically analyze and explore the aspects of Isoko economy, as it pertains to agriculture; fishing and hunting inclusive, industry and trade. The method of acquiring land for the purpose of farming or for carrying out the economic activities is also given equal attention up to 1900. Geographically, the general topography of Isokoland is flat, and much of it is subject to annual flooding. Two distinct floods are distinguished by their causes, as well as period of occurrences, which include the heavy local rainfall, while the other is caused by flood water coming from the river Niger. The influence of the
flood pattern on economic activities is substantial, as shall be exposed in this work. However, the most outstanding physical features of the area are the two great swamps running Northeast and Southwest with a relative highland between them. Located in present day Delta State of Southern Nigeria, Isokoland is divided into two local government areas