APPRAISAL

The security of land titles in Nigeria has long been a critical challenge, with issues such as fraudulent transactions, multiple claims to the same land, and inefficiencies in the registration process undermining investor confidence and economic development. Despite the existence of statutory frameworks like the Land Use Act 1978 and various state land laws, these challenges persist, often due to bureaucratic delays, inadequate record-keeping, and limited integration of modern technologies in land administration. This study aims to appraise the role of technology, particularly digital registration systems and emerging tools like blockchain and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in enhancing the security of land titles in Nigeria. It seeks to identify how technological interventions can improve transparency, reduce fraud, facilitate efficient land transactions, and strengthen the protection of private and customary land interests. A doctrinal research methodology was employed, involving an extensive review of primary legal sources, including the Constitution, Land Use Act, relevant state land laws, and judicial decisions, complemented by secondary sources such as scholarly articles, policy documents, and case studies. Comparative insights from other jurisdictions, including Ghana and the United Kingdom, were also incorporated to contextualize the Nigerian experience. The findings reveal that technology-driven initiatives, such as digital land registries and electronic issuance of certificates of occupancy, have significantly improved record accuracy, accessibility, and verification processes. Blockchain and GIS applications offer additional opportunities to secure land records against manipulation, ensure traceability of transactions, and integrate spatial and ownership data for effective land management. However, challenges such as limited technical capacity, infrastructure constraints, and resistance to change remain barriers to full adoption. The study concludes that integrating technology into land administration in Nigeria holds substantial promise for enhancing title security, promoting investor confidence, and supporting sustainable land governance. It recommends that federal and state governments prioritize digital reforms, develop supportive legal frameworks for blockchain adoption, and provide capacity-building programs for land administration officials to fully realize these benefits.

This study examined the spoken English language of senior secondary school students in Oredo. It also examine the kind of difficulty student face in speaking English language, investigated the causes of poor communication of spoken English language among senior secondary school students, further sought to examine the strategies adopted by teachers in overcoming student’s problem in spoken English language and investigated if the frequent use of English affect spoken English among secondary school students in the study area. To guide the study, four (4) research questions were raised. The design of the study is descriptive survey design, The population of the study comprised of eighty four (84) S.S.S.3 students drawn from three selected public schools in Benin City . A well-structured questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information for the study. The data collected were analysed into tables using simple percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions as well as interpretation of the information gathered. The findings of the study revealed that most of the students face difficulty in expressing themselves fluently in English language, encounter difficulties in construction of English vocabularies etc. The study equally revealed that causes of poor communication among secondary school students ranges from lack of qualified English language teachers to unavailability of language laboratory, frequent usage of the mother tongue and pidgin English. Furthermore, findings from the study revealed that introduction of English language laboratory is an effective strategy to help students overcome problem in spoken English, and that there is no frequent usage of English language because English language is not a means of communication in the study area; that the mother tongue and pidgin English is the medium of communication in the study area because spoken English is only used as a medium of instruction within the school premises