DEPARTMENT OF BANKING AND FINANCE

This study empirically estimated the relationship between credit risk management and the performance of DMBs in Nigeria. Twelve (12) quoted deposit money banks were used in this study. Five variables such as; return on asset, non-performing loan, capital adequacy, leverage and loan loss provision were used for the estimation. The data used ranges from 2011 to 2020 across 12 deposit money banks in Nigeria. And the number of observation is (12 deposit money banks times 10 years) 120. This study used the pooled panel regression technique. This implies that the 120 observations are pooled together before the regression is run, thus neglecting the time series nature and cross sectional nature of the data. Specifically, the following findings were made: that non-performing loan has a negative significant impact on the DMBs performance in Nigeria; that capital adequacy does not have any impact on DMBs performance; that leverage does not have any impact on the DMBs performance; and that loan loss provision has a positive significant impact on the DMBs performance of in Nigeria. Following the findings from this study the following recommendations were made: that DMBs should adequately engage in the effective management of it loan in order to yield positive return and reduce non- performing loans; that DMBs should maintain the statutory minimum reserves of capital to avoid bank runs and the apex regulatory authority should supervise and monitor banks to ensure compliance; among others.

This study investigates the impact of credit risk management on the performance of Nigerian banks, focusing on three key variables: Non-Performing Loan Ratio (NPLR), Loan Loss Provisioning (LLP), and Collateralization Ratio (CR). Using descriptive statistics, correlation, regression analysis, and diagnostic tests, the findings reveal: •NPLR negatively affects bank performance, as higher non-performing loans reduce profitability and asset quality. •LLP also has a significant negative impact, indicating that excessive provisioning for potential loan losses constrains profitability. •CR, however, positively influences performance, as higher collateralization mitigates credit risk and enhances financial stability. •Diagnostic tests confirm the reliability of the data and model. The study concludes that effective credit risk management is essential for improving bank profitability and recommends stricter credit assessments, balanced provisioning policies, and leveraging technology for better loan management. These findings align with prior research emphasizing sound credit risk practices to enhance financial stability

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of bank profitability on economic growth in Nigeria. However, in order to achieve the objectives of this study, we utilised four explanatory variables as proxies for bank profitability (credit to private sector, bank loans, bank return on assets and total assets to GDP) while real gross domestic product was used as a proxy for economic growth in Nigeria. The study covered a time period of 1995-2020 (26years). The descriptive statistics and regression analysis technique were adopted in carrying
out the study’s empirical analysis Based on the empirical analysis, the following findings were arrived at: firstly, the study ound that there is a positive and insignificant relationship credit to private sector and economic growth in Nigeria; second, the study found that bank loans have a significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria; third, bank return on assets have an insignificant effect on economic growth in Nigeria; and finally, total assets to GDP was found to have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. In view of the salient findings from this study, the following specific policy recommendations were put forth: banks in Nigeria should lend more to the private sector as doing so ensures they are lending to sectors that are likely to generate more income the loans granted which will culminate into a multiplier
effect of enhanced economic growth performance in the long run; the apex monetary authority in Nigeria (CBN) should ensure that banks are regulated to give out more proportion of their income as loans to individuals, private sector and public sector; banks should not leave customers’ deposits idle but should invest a large chunk of it on risk-free securities such as government bonds as well other risky securities with the adoption of effect risk management mechanism; and efforts should be made by banks to maintain continuous increase in their
assets which could be by diversifying, opening more branches, among others.

This study is on non-performing loans and performance on quoted deposit
money banks in Nigeria. The objectives of this study are to investigate the
effect of non-performing loans, loans and advances and loan loss provision
on performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. Secondary data were sourced from the audited financial statement of our fourteen (14) sampled quoted deposit money banks spanning from 2010- 2019. The study adopted panel regression analysis to analyze the data as well as other preliminary texts like descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Hausman test. The study found out that non-performing loan and loans and advances does not impact on the performance of quoted deposit money banks, only loan loss provision displayed significant impact. The study recommends amongst others that there is need for the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to oversee banks more closely in order to prevent a potential rapid increase in non-performing
loans.

The study is on capital market development and economic growth in Nigeria. The goal of the study is to ascertain the impact of capital market performance on economic growth in Nigeria. The study adopted the fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS). The outcome of the study revealed that all capital market indicators (MCAP, VOT, VAT) except All share index (ASI) are positive and significant with economic growth in Nigeria. The study however recommends that market capitalization must be improved by encouraging more foreign investors to participate in the market, this will increase new issues which will automatically increase economic growth of Nigeria.

Fraud is a widespread issue that has severely eaten deep the Nigeria's banking industry and economy as a whole. Its disastrous effects may be seen in both economic regression and the banks' declining balance sheets. It appears that efforts to identify and combat fraud in the financial industry have been largely ineffective, as fraudulent activity has been increasing recently. The purpose of this topic Bank fraud in the Nigeria sector; types causes, effect and method of detection and prevention is aimed at finding practical means of eliminating, reducing the incidence of fraud in the Nigeria sector .A descriptive surveys using questionnaire with a sample size of 100 was used for the analysis. The findings derives from respondents indicate that unauthorized Lending to borrowers is a principal type of fraud. The significant negative
relationship between the effects of fraud and its prevention measures suggests that more proactive and preemptive strategies are needed. Banks should invest in comprehensive fraud prevention training programs for their employees, ensuring that they are well-equipped to recognize and respond to fraud indicators promptly

This study examined the determinants of income inequality in Nigeria for the period 1981 to 2023. For this purpose, four determinants of income inequality, namely government expenditure, access to credit, inflation rate and financial development were considered in this study using the ARDL bound testing procedure. The results showed that the four variables (government expenditure, access to credit, inflation rate and financial development) exert insignificant negative effect on income inequality in Nigeria in the short-run. We conclude that the selected variables are not key factors that influence income inequality in Nigeria within the studied period. To achieve more equitable distribution of income, the study recommends that implementation of policies that deepen the financial system and increase spending by .policy makers should focus on expenditure that affects the low income earners in order to reduce income inequality in Nigeria. Also, relaxing borrowing constraints is advocated so that the people with less income and small firms can make use of private credit, which helps them to increase their earning opportunities and creating additional employment for the local community. Furthermore, government should embark on expansionary fiscal and monetary policies to boost aggregate output as a measure to curb inflation and also implement policies that will deepen the financial system in Nigeria in order to improve income distribution and thus reduces inequality.

This study investigates the impact of financial innovation on the Nigerian banking industry, with a focus on its effects on customer satisfaction, retention, and patronage, as well as the challenges customers face when using innovative banking services. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed among bank customers in Benin City, Edo State, of which 100 were completed and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, employing both descriptive statistics and regression tests. The findings indicate that financial innovation significantly enhances customer satisfaction (B = 0.666, t = 16.821, p = .000) and influences customer patronage (B = 0.152, t = 2.815, p = .005), but has an insignificant impact on customer retention (B = 0.085, t = 1.223, p = .222). Moreover, the study reveals notable challenges including technical issues, security concerns, delays in transaction processing, and slow complaint resolution. Based on these results, it is recommended that banks continue to invest in user-friendly digital platforms, integrate personalized customer relationship management strategies to improve retention, employ targeted marketing to enhance patronage, and upgrade their IT infrastructure to address operational challenges.

This study investigates the impact of bank credit on economic growth in Nigeria applying the multivariate ordinary least square (OLS) technique using time series data from 1981 to 2020. Real gross domestic product (RGDP) is the dependent variable and proxy for economic growth while bank credit to the private sector (PSC) and aggregate bank credit (ABKC) were proxies for bank credit respectively. A major finding is that there is a significant negative relationship between bank private sector and economic growth while a significant positive relationship was found between aggregate bank credit and economic growth. Inflation rate and trade openness were found not to be a key factor that influence economic growth in Nigeria for the period studied. The study recommends that government should ensure strict regulatory measures through the use of its monetary policies to regulate the banking sector. The Central Bank of Nigeria, through the use of its credit control instruments should regulate the interest rates to enable the private sector borrow at a moderate rate thereby enhancing investment, which in turn leads to economic growth. Also, the monetary authorities and other financial institutions should be strengthened in their regulatory frame work and capacity to maintain financial stability and banking sector reforms.

This research work deals with the Impacts of Payment System on Small and Medium Enterprises in Nigeria over the period of 1990-2020.The introductory aspect of the project talks about the background of the study and the analysis of the payment system on small and medium enterprises. Also the statements of the problem of a successful payment system are well explained. This study also attempted to provide an answer to the question raised under the problem the problem statement. It also talked about the objective of the study which is to test empirically the payment system as an important variable and more so of its impact on small and medium enterprises. The literature review talks about the opinion of various authors, that’s what their view is about payment system. Their view are based on the terminologies of payment system, the conceptual and theoretical framework in payment system were analyzed and the review of empirical studies. The essence of the Chapter Three is to provide information on the research method, which is the model specification, sources of data and estimation techniques as well as the justification for the choice of the estimation techniques, used in the analysis and presentation of the information and data collected. Chapter Four centers on data presentation, analysis, and interpretation of results. The objective of the analysis is to provide a detailed description on the empirical investigation of the relationship between Total Volume of Mobile Money transactions (VLMOB), Total Volume of ATM transactions (VLATM), Total Volume of POS transactions (VLPOS), Total Volume of WEB transactions (VLWEB), Commercial Banks Loans to Small Scale Enterprises (CBSME).The concluding aspect of this project is that best management cannot turn around ailing small and medium enterprises without a payment system: likewise small and medium scale enterprises cannot operate with unreliable payment system