ANTHONY AIGBE ESEDE

Soil contamination by heavy metals is a growing environmental concern in urban areas due to industrial activities, traffic emissions, and waste disposal. This study examines the spatial distribution and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in soil from New Benin Market, a livestock area, Benin Airport, Ogbemudia Stadium, and Siluko Moat, using Aporrectodea longa as a bioindicator. Soil and earthworm samples were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Fe using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), with statistical assessments conducted to determine site-specific variations. Results revealed site-dependent contamination patterns. The New Benin Market had lower concentrations, but bioaccumulation in earthworms indicated risks from vehicular emissions and metal-based products. The Livestock Area exhibited high Zn, Cu, and Fe levels probably due to animal waste and feed additives. At Benin Airport, Pb, Zn, and Cu levels were linked to aviation fuel combustion and vehicular emissions. Ogbemudia Stadium recorded the highest Zn and Ni concentrations possibly influenced by recreational activities and infrastructure maintenance. Siluko Moat showed notable Zn, Cu, and Fe contamination, with Pb and Cd probably due to urban runoff and sewage leaks. Earthworm bioaccumulation across sites underscores their role as ecological indicators and the influence of organic matter on metal retention. These findings emphasize the need for targeted remediation strategies, including phytoremediation, soil amendments, and stricter environmental regulations. Continuous monitoring and public awareness initiatives are essential for mitigating heavy metal pollution and ensuring sustainable urban land use.