ABIOKE UCHECHUKWU BETHEL

The primary purpose of this study was to assess the information needs of cocoa farmers in Edo and Ondo states. Specifically, the study was conducted to investigate the information needs assessment of cocoa farmers; ascertain the farmers’ preference for cocoa information sources; examine cocoa farmers information needs and farmers search behavior and examine cocoa farmers’ constraints to information accessibility in the study area. Multistage random sampling procedure was used to select 432 respondents while a structured interview schedule was used to
solicit information from the respondents. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Binary logit regression, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and 2x2 matrix used to establish the priorities mean score). The result revealed that the mean age of cocoa farmers was 52 years while majorities (70.4%) of the farmers were male. Majorities (35.4%) of the farmers had formal education, higher membership of a group (93.5%) and were married (80.3%). Majority (74.3%) of the cocoa farmers’ cultivated farm lands of less than 10 hectares with a mean farming experience of 22 years. This study revealed that the most prominent sources of information was input dealers/suppliers (  =2.86±0.40), while Television (  =2.76±0.56), extension posters
(  =2.80±0.50) and face to face advice by other farmers (  =2.87±0.45) were the most preferred

Background: The number of persons suffering from low back pain will rise in the future, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The treatments available for low-back pain are not sufficient enough to cause an effective change in the long-term. Hence, there is a growing recognition of the need for a more comprehensive, patient-centered and behavioral-changing approach.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of motivational interview on patients with low back pain. Method: Included in this review were study population of adults aged 18 and above. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Non-Randomized Controlled Trials (non-RCTs) that explored the effectiveness of Motivational Interview on Low Back Pain. A detailed search of 7 databases was conducted. Data were selected and extracted using the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 2010 version following the eligibility criteria. To assess the potential risk of bias in each study, two assessors independently assessed the eligible studies using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for parallel RCTs. A review protocol was developed and registered in the PROSPERO database (ID CRD42023444806). A narrative synthesis was used to present findings.
Results: 2 RCTs and 1 non-RCT was eligible from the narrative synthesis. Motivational interview
interventions included counselling, motivational programs and group/individual discussion sessions. Motivational interview had a significant effect on pain among patients with low back pain relative
to the control interventions. All the studies had a good methodological quality.
Conclusion: Motivational Interview shows a beneficial effect in reducing low back pain and in
increasing functional status in patients with low-back pain in comparison with other interventions used in the systematic review. However, current evidence is insufficient on the effect of motivational interview on pain in patients with low back pain. More large scale RCTs are needed to evaluate motivational interview on pain in patients with low back pain.
Keywords: Low back pain, motivational interview, quality of life, functional status.

Background: The number of persons suffering from low back pain will rise in the future, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The treatments available for low-back pain are not sufficient enough to cause an effective change in the long-term. Hence, there is a growing recognition of the need for a more comprehensive, patient-centered and behavioral-changing approach.
Objective: To determine the effectiveness of motivational interview on patients with low back pain.
Method: Included in this review were study population of adults aged 18 and above. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Non-Randomized Controlled Trials (non-RCTs) that explored the effectiveness of Motivational Interview on Low Back Pain. A detailed search of 7 databases was conducted. Data were selected and extracted using the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet 2010 version following the eligibility criteria. To assess the potential risk of bias in each study, two assessors independently assessed the eligible studies using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for parallel RCTs. A review protocol was developed and registered in the PROSPERO database (IDCRD42023444806). A narrative synthesis was used to present findings.
Results: 2 RCTs and 1 non-RCT was eligible from the narrative synthesis. Motivational interview
interventions included counselling, motivational programs and group/individual discussion sessions. Motivational interview had a significant effect on pain among patients with low back pain relative to the control interventions. All the studies had a good methodological quality.
Conclusion: Motivational Interview shows a beneficial effect in reducing low back pain and in increasing functional status in patients with low-back pain in comparison with other interventions used in the systematic review. However, current evidence is insufficient on the effect of motivational interview on pain in patients with low back pain. More large scale RCTs are needed to evaluate motivational interview on pain in patients with low back pain.
Keywords: Low back pain, motivational interview, quality of life, functional status.