Abigail Iyobosa IZEVBIZUA

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting how the body processes fats, proteins, and carbohydrates, stemming from insulin deficiency or dysfunction. The disease burden continues to grow, bringing complications that damage multiple organ systems. Diabetic nephropathy, one of the most serious complications, remains a leading cause of kidney failure. Traditional herbal remedies have shown promise in managing diabetes and its complications, with several plants demonstrating protective effects on kidney function. This study evaluated the nephroprotective effects of a bi-herbal leaf aqueous extract combining Vernonia amygdalina and Alstonia boonei against streptozotocin-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. The leaves were washed, air-dried for two weeks, ground into powder, and soaked in distilled water for three days to create an extract, which was then concentrated and refrigerated for later use. The rats were grouped into 6 groups and kept in comfortable conditions with proper temperature control, regular feeding schedules, and care that followed all ethical guidelines for animal research. The rats were induced with STZ (streptozotocin), and a renal function test was carried out to assess kidney health. The results showed that the bi-herbal extract provided maximum protective effects at the lowest dose tested, significantly outperforming higher doses (P<0.05). The extract demonstrated measurable nephroprotective activity, suggesting potential therapeutic value in preventing diabetes-related kidney damage. These findings indicate that lower concentrations of the bi-herbal combination may be more effective than higher doses in protecting kidney function. Additional research is needed to establish optimal dosing protocols and confirm long-term safety before clinical application.