2025

This study explores how Bisphenol A (BPA) and different phthalates leach from unused plastic bottles when kept at a steady temperature of 40 °C in deionized water. The use of deionized water which is free from salts, ions, and organic matter, provided a clean, neutral environment that allowed a clear view of how these chemicals naturally migrate from plastics into water. Over a 96-hour period, BPA concentrations were measured using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), with recorded values of 2.92, 2.40, 2.42, 2.74, and 2.96 µg/L at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours, respectively. The initially high BPA value was likely due to surface residues being quickly released into the water, while the slight drops at 24 and 48 hours suggest a brief stabilization or re-adsorption on the bottle surface. The subsequent rise at 72 and 96 hours indicates that BPA continued to diffuse from inside the plastic into the surrounding water which is a process encouraged by the constant heat. Phthalates such as diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) showed similar patterns, with their concentrations gradually increasing over time, confirming that additive migration is a slow but continuous process. Although the highest BPA concentration measured (2.96 µg/L) is far below the U.S. FDA’s safety threshold of 5mg/kg body weight per day, it is well above the extremely strict European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2023) limit of 0.2 ng/kg body weight per day. This finding suggests that even new, unused plastics can release trace amounts of potentially harmful chemicals when exposed to warm or storage conditions for extended periods. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of monitoring plastic safety and highlights how everyday temperature exposure can influence the release of chemical additives into water, with potential implications for both health and the environment

Sharenting, the practice of parents sharing their children's images, videos, and personal information online, has become an integral aspect of digital parenting in the social media age. This study explores sharenting behaviours among Christian parents, focusing on how their faith, privacy concerns and social influences shape their decisions to share their children's lives online. The rapid expansion of social media has made sharenting a common practice, yet concerns regarding child privacy, digital footprints and ethical considerations remain relevant. This research aimed to understand the extent to which Christian values influence sharenting practices, the motivations behind parents' sharing decisions, and the perceived risks and benefits associated with online sharing. The study employed descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, to analyse responses from Christian parents at Foursquare Gospel Church. The findings indicate that older parents are more privacy-conscious than younger parents. Strong religious commitment was linked to less frequent sharenting, emphasizing values like modesty, discretion, and stewardship. However, many parents acknowledged the benefits of online sharing, such as strengthening family bonds and fostering Christian community ties. Despite this, privacy concerns and potential risks, such as cybersecurity threats and loss of child autonomy, influenced their decisions. The study concludes that Christian parents navigate a balance between faith, social connection, and digital responsibility. It recommends faith-based digital literacy programs to help parents make ethical, informed decisions about sharenting.

The study explores how two great collections of poems, Webs of Remembrance by Removing Raji and Odia Ofeimun London Letter, gives voice to communities affected by environmental destruction. The research would explore how these poets highlights the ongoing economic and ecological violence against indigenous communities and the poets role in advocating for environmental rights and justice.Raji's work documents the environmental degradation in Nigeria and Benue, critiquing the corporate and governmental policies that harm the local ecosystem. while Ofeimun's poems addresses the daily struggle lagosians faces due to environmental hazard. Through a comparative analysis, the study will show how literature serves as a power fIndigenousul medium for environmental advocacy, social critique and cultural preservation in the Nigerian context.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of single parenthood on students’ academic performance in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government area, Edo State. In order to achieve this aim, literature was reviewed under the concepts of study. The survey research design was used. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Purposive sampling technique was employed in selecting the schools while the simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants of the study. The sample size of the study constituted of 100 students selected from a total student population of some selected secondary school in Ikpoba-Okha. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to produce descriptive statistics. Data were presented on tables and charts with frequency and percentages. The findings of this study reveal that single parenting influences the academic achievement of the children as most single parents do not have a reliable source of income, do not always pay their children’s fees on time, do not provide most of their school needs (textbooks, school bag and shoes) and do not regularly provide food for their children before and after school. Also, it was revealed that the educational attainment of single parents influences the academic performance of students as more than half of single parents in Ikpoba-Okha were uneducated; do not always check their children’s books at home; do not always create time to do assignments with their children at home; do not always attend PTA meetings in school and do not always create time to discuss with them about school. Findings also show that, single parenting is caused by unfaithfulness, marital violence, premarital pregnancy, poverty, divorce and death of spouse. Based on the findings, the study made some recommendations to the Ministry of Family and social welfare, school administrators and Parents.

NIL

The Nigerian Constitution under Chapter IV provides for an expansive Catalogue of fundamental rights, yet the realization and enforcement of these rights remain significantly constrained in practice. This thesis critically interrogates the barriers to effective enforcement of fundamental human rights in Nigeria, with a particular focus on the legal framework, judicial attitudes, procedural constraints, and socio-cultural impediments that collectively render rights protection largely aspirational. It evaluates the adequacy of the existing enforcement regime, including the Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009, and exposes deep institutional limitations such as overloaded courts, cultural barriers, security sector impunity, and the weak reach of legal aid mechanisms.Drawing on comparative lessons from other common law jurisdictions, especially India, South Africa, and the United Kingdom, the work highlights alternative enforcement models that have widened access to justice, embraced public interest litigation, and mainstreamed international human rights norms. The research adopts doctrinal and comparative methodologies and relies on primary legal sources, judicial decisions, and empirical data from official reports to provide a grounded analysis. The study argues that meaningful enforcement of human rights in Nigeria requires an interlocking suite of statutory, procedural, institutional, and cultural reforms. It concludes with robust recommendations for reforming court processes, enhancing judicial activism, strengthening legal aid, and institutionalizing public education to bridge the gap between normative guarantees and lived realities of human rights in Nigeria.

This project presents the design and implementation of an automated waste management system utilizing an Arduino Uno microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors, and a servo motor to enhance efficiency and hygiene in waste disposal. The system continuously monitors the fill level of a waste bin using an ultrasonic sensor, which provides real-time data to the Arduino. When the sensor detects that the bin is nearing capacity or a user is present, the Arduino activates a servo motor to automatically open and close the bin lid, enabling touchless operation and reducing the risk of contamination. Powered by a 9V replaceable battery, the system is portable and well-suited for environments with unreliable electricity supply. Rapid lid response, with positive user feedback regarding convenience and hygiene. The project highlights the potential for scalable, low-cost smart waste solutions in both urban and rural settings, and lays the groundwork for future enhancements such as IoT connectivity, renewable energy integration, and automated waste sorting for improved sustainability and resource management.

This study investigates the effect of examination stress on students of the University of Benin, with particular focus on its causes, manifestations, and influence on academic performance and general well-being. The research aims to identify the major sources of examination-related stress, assess its impact on students’ academic outcomes, and examine the coping strategies employed by students in managing such stress. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Data were collected through the use of a structured questionnaire administered to a representative sample of students in the Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin. The data obtained were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency distributions for clarity and easy interpretation. Findings revealed that factors such as inadequate preparation, fear of failure, pressure to achieve high grades, and poor time management significantly contribute to students’ stress during examinations. The study further discovered that examination stress leads to anxiety, emotional instability, poor concentration, and a decline in academic performance among students. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the university management should organize regular counseling sessions and stress management seminars to assist students in handling examination-related pressure. Lecturers are also encouraged to create supportive learning environments, while students should adopt effective study habits and time management skills. In conclusion, the study affirms that examination stress, though an inevitable part of academic life, can be effectively managed through institutional support, personal discipline, and proper preparation, thereby improving students’ academic performance and overall well-being

This study evaluated the genotoxic risk associated with chronic exposure to petrol fumes among petrol station attendants in Benin City using the micronucleus (MN) assay on exfoliated buccal epithelial cells. A cross-sectional design was employed, comparing 25 exposed attendants with 10 unexposed controls. Buccal cell samples were collected with sterile tongue depressors, fixed in Carnoy’s fixative, and stained with May–Grünwald and Giemsa. A total of 3,400 cells were microscopically examined and scored for nuclear abnormalities according to established cytogenetic criteria. Results showed highly significant increases (p < 0.001) in all nuclear anomalies among the exposed group. Mean frequencies of micronucleate (10.76 ± 3.36 vs. 1.3 ± 0.82 per 1000 cells), binucleated (6.28 ± 2.55 vs. 0.5 ± 0.70), karyorrhexis (7.52 ± 2.47 vs. 1.0 ± 1.15), and anucleate (7.60 ± 2.54 vs. 0.7 ± 0.82) cells were markedly elevated in the exposed group, representing 8.3-, 12.6-, 7.5-, and 10.9-fold increases respectively, with p-values ranging from 2.17E-07 to 7.43E-10. These findings provide compelling evidence of substantial cytogenetic damage indicative of chromosomal instability and cytotoxic effects resulting from petrol fume exposure. The study concludes that occupational exposure to petrol fumes poses a significant genotoxic hazard and recommends strict enforcement of safety protocols, use of personal protective equipment, regular biomonitoring, and improved environmental controls at petrol stations to reduce health risks and safeguard workers.

This study investigated the impacts of laboratory experiments on the academic achievement of senior secondary school chemistry students in Egor Local Government Area, Benin City. It examined how the frequency of practical sessions, the quality of laboratory facilities, and teachers’ competency in conducting experiments influence students’ understanding and performance in chemistry. The study adopted a descriptive survey design, using a structured questionnaire administered to 69 students selected through proportionate and simple random sampling from five public secondary schools. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and independent samples t-test. Findings revealed that practical sessions are infrequent in most schools, and students reported that the scarcity of hands on activities limit their understanding, retention, and interest in chemistry. Results further showed that the quality of laboratory facilities significantly affects students’ performance, with poorly equipped laboratories hindering effective practical engagement. Teacher competency also displayed a positive and significant relationship with students’ academic achievement, indicating that skilled and confident teachers play a crucial role in facilitating meaningful laboratory learning. The study concludes that inadequate facilities, infrequent practical sessions, and limited teacher expertise collectively contribute to low achievement in chemistry. It recommends improved funding for laboratory infrastructure, more frequent and well timed practical lessons, and enhanced teacher training to strengthen the integration of theory and practice.