2007

PHARMACOGNOSY AND HYPOTENSIVE EVALUATION OF FICUS EXASPERATA VAHL (MORACEAE) LEAF

Publisher / Conference Name
Polish Pharmaceutical Society
Abstract / Summary
There is already a literature report on the anti-ulcer effect of water extract of Ficus exasperata. Some communities in Edo and Delta States of Nigeria use the decoction of the leaf as hypotensive crude drug. Verification of this claim and also the microscopy and other pharmacognostic parameters which can be used to establish the identity of the leaf were carried out. The microscopy of the leaf powder revealed the presence of straight walled epidermal cells, cone or nail shaped trichomes or epidermal hairs, clustered or prismatic calcium oxalate crystals of varying dimensions. The percentage weight loss on drying was 9.84 ± 0.08 whereas water and alcohol extractive values were 5.29 ± 0.07 and 2.21 ± 0.11, respectively. The ash value was 30.68 ± 0.44 whereas the acid insoluble ash and water soluble ash values were 17.87 ± 0.37 and 16.73 ± 0.13, respectively. Preliminary phytochemistry of leaf showed that it contains tannins, flavonoids and saponins with no traces of alkaloids or anthraquinones. The water extract showed a dose related reduction in mean arterial blood pressure. At 10 mg/kg, a reduction of 16.6 ± 1.1mmHg was observed, whereas at 30 mg/kg, a fall in mean arterial pressure of 38.3 ± 0.6 mmHg was obtained. The hypotensive effect of the extract was significantly reduced with a prior administration of 2.5 mg of either atropine or chlorpheniramine. This suggests the probable stimulation of muscarinic receptors in the heart or release of histamine into the circulatory system thereby causing the initial fall in blood pressure.
Year of Publication
Publication Type

Electronic Banking System and Fraud Prevention in Nigerian Money Deposit Banks

Year of Publication
Publication Type
Abstract
The study examined the electronic banking system and fraud prevention in Nigeria deposit money banks. It adopts quantitative research methods with the aid of descriptive statistics, a demographic analysis of respondents, test for heteroskedasticity, test for misspecification, regression analysis; using the t-test, Ramsey reset test (R-Square), Durbin Watson test and the Cronbach alpha test with the use of questionnaire as a primary source of data. The theoretical framework was informed by theRoutine Activity Theory (RAT) and Fraud Management Lifecycle Theory (FMLT), two theories that emphasized the place of behaviour on fraud and the mitigating approach to fraud. Findings of the study showed that the factors contributing to the increase of fraud in Nigeria
electronic banking system is both technological and non-technological factors and put some fraud preventive measures as customer whistle-blowing, surveillance mechanisms, and technological mechanism. The paper made the following recommendation: that workshops and seminars should not only be for bank staff, but also for bank stakeholders particularly customers and that customers should be kept abreast on tricks of fraudsters and how not to fall victim; individual banks should carryout training and retraining for staff on local and international content on e-banking channels since online fraud is borderless and remotely; banks should put in place sophisticated surveillance mechanisms for prevention of fraud; that Nigeria MDBs should take advantage of advancement in technological mechanisms like biometrics verification and authentication
Supervisor(s)
co-supervisor