ANTIOXIDANT

ANTICANCER AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF THE METHANOL EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS OF CONYZA SUMATRENSIS (RETZ.) E. H. WALKER (ASTERACEAE)

Publisher / Conference Name
Nigerian Society of Pharmacognosy / Nig. J. Nat. Prod. and Med
Author(s)
Ikpefan E. O.
Ayinde B. A
Mudassar
Ahsana Dar Farooq
Abstract / Summary
The in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant studies of the leaf extract and fractions of Conyza sumatrensis was investigated by applying the SulforhodamineB and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays (DPPH-RSA) respectively. While the antiproliferative activity was carried out at 1-250 and 1-100 µg/ mL for the extract and fractions against breast (MCF-7) and lung (NCI-H460) cancer cell lines, the antioxidant study was conducted using DPPH at 31.25 -500 µg/ mL with the total phenolic and flavonoid contents calculated as well with reference to quercetin and gallic acid respectively. The extract and fractions were observed to elicit cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects against breast (MCF-7) and lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H460) respectively. At 250 µg/mL, the extract of C. sumatrensis gave cytotoxicity of –1.76 ± 0.20 % against MCF-7 cell lines and inhibited growth of NCI-H460 at +94.40 ± 1.0 % respectively. While the chloroform fraction at 100 µg/mL gave -5.38 ± 0.33 % and 91 ± 1.61 % against MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cell lines, the aqueous fraction was observed to be inactive. For the DPPH-RSA activity, the chloroform fraction demonstrated an IC50 value of 125.5 µg/ mL compared to quercetin at 62.5 µg/mL. The bioactivities were more pronounced in the chloroform fraction. This work has shown that C. sumatrensis has antiproliferative and antioxidant activities which could be tied to the secondary metabolites present in the plant.
Year of Publication
2019
Publication Type
Journal Article
Keyword(s)
antiproliferative
ANTIOXIDANT

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT BIOACTIVITY CORRELATION OF Azadirachta indica (DONGOYARO) LEAVES: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MECHANISMS

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Author(s)
FAVOUR ADEOLA OLADEJO
Faculty
SCHOOL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
Department
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
Year of Publication
2025
Keyword
PHYTOCHEMICAL
ANTIOXIDANT
CORRELATION
upload
oladejo project work_032255.pdf
Publication Type
Undergraduate Project
Abstract
Azadirachta indica (Dongoyaro) leaves are widely recognized in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which are largely attributed to its diverse phytochemical composition and antioxidant capacity. However, limited studies have systematically correlated its phytochemical abundance with its antioxidant bioactivity to better explain its therapeutic mechanisms. This research aimed to profile the phytochemical constituents of Azadirachta indica leaves, evaluate their antioxidant properties, and determine how specific phytochemicals contribute to observed antioxidant activity. Fresh Azadirachta indica leaves were subjected to qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening to determine the presence and concentrations of major secondary metabolites. Methanolic extracts were analyzed for steroids, flavonoids, tannins, cardiac glycosides (Keller–Killiani test), saponins, and terpenoids. Antioxidant activity was assessed using standard in-vitro assays, and statistical correlation was carried out to evaluate the relationship between phytochemical concentrations and antioxidant performance. Quantitative results showed high concentrations of flavonoids (862.21 µg/mL) and cardiac glycosides (527.75 µg/mL), while steroids (282.50 µg/mL) and terpenoids (305.48 µg/mL) were present in moderate amounts. Tannins (77.13 µg/mL) occurred in lower quantities. Antioxidant evaluation revealed strong free-radical scavenging activity, with inhibition values increasing proportionally with the concentration of flavonoids. Correlation analysis identified flavonoids as the major contributors to antioxidant capacity. These findings support the documented antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions of neem (Dongoyaro) leaves, as flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides are known to disrupt microbial membranes, modulate inflammatory pathways, and reduce oxidative stress. Overall, this study provides biochemical justification for the therapeutic relevance of Azadirachta indica leaves by establishing a clear relationship between its quantified phytochemicals and antioxidant activity
Supervisor(s)
L.O. AGBONTAEN.
co-supervisor
NIL
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