CRITIQUE

In contemporary times, one of the fundamental and most trending problems confronting philosophers and social scientists has been the problem of sex discriminations. Over the years, there have been heated debates among scholars and between the two sexes (male and female) over the argument of male’s discriminations against women in almost all areas of human endeavours. This argument is puts in the form of gender bias. Groups of individuals have divided themselves on this issue. On the one hand, some scholars have continued to argue that there is no discrimination discriminated against by the mail counterpart. Feminism is being approached from different strands and perspectives; some approach feminism from the academic perspective, to others, feminism is approach from the economic perspective, to the others, it is view from the family perspective and to the others, it is approach from the social perspective. It was in the light of this debate that Simone de Beauvoir came into the debate. She joined members of the Social Feminist Movement by advocating for the liberation of the women and calling for equality between the two sexes in the society. Beauvoir frowned against what she perceived to be social discrimination against the women within social milieu. This work therefore is critically examination of Simone de Beauvoir’s idea of feminism with a view to show the strengths and weaknesses in her idea of feminism.

This research critically examines Mogobe Bernard Ramose’s interpretation of Ubuntu as a foundational element of African philosophy. Ubuntu, often summarized as "I am because we are," emphasizes communal existence, interdependence, and human dignity. Ramose presents Ubuntu not only as a cultural ethic but as a legitimate philosophical framework capable of addressing both African and global socio-political issues. This work explores his arguments, highlighting how Ubuntu challenges dominant Western notions of individualism and rationalism. It also interrogates the limitations of Ramose’s position, especially regarding its applicability in contemporary, multicultural, and technologically advanced societies. By engaging with both supportive and critical perspectives, the study seeks to offer a balanced evaluation of Ubuntu’s relevance in modern philosophical discourse. Ultimately, the project argues that while Ramose’s articulation is valuable, Ubuntu must evolve to remain effective in addressing present-day challenges. The study contributes to the broader effort of decolonizing philosophy and promoting indigenous knowledge systems within academic spaces.

This research examines St. Thomas Aquinas' classical arguments for the existence of God, as stated in his Summa Theologica, which is popularly known as the "Five Ways. " One of the most influential syntheses of Aristotelian philosophy and Christian theology is found in Aquinas' discussion of motion, causation, contingency, degrees of perfection, and teleology. The analytical approach will be used in the research to analyze each proof, emphasizing its logical structure, theological ramifications, and hilosophical underpinnings. Despite the Five Ways' logical justification for the need for an ultimate purpose and first cause, later critics have questioned them. philosophers for basing their work on pre-modern metaphysics, endless regression worries, and subjective ideas of perfection and design. The assessment examines the lasting significance of Aquinas' arguments in the philosophy of religion as well as their limitations in the context of modern scientific and philosophical research. Despite the fact that quinas' proofs cannot produce complete demonstrative certitude, the research nevertheless concludes that they are still useful as cumulative, logical indicators of the plausibility of God's existence. improving the discussion between faith and reason.