MARINE

This study reviews the efficiency of hydrogen as a sustainable fuel source in marine propulsion systems to address the urgent need for decarbonization in the shipping industry. Traditional marine fuels contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions; therefore, alternative, zero-emission solutions are critical. The review demonstrates that hydrogen propulsion is a technically viable and highly efficient pathway toward zero-emission shipping. The findings provide critical data for naval architects, policy makers, and shipping companies, underscoring the necessity of investing in fuel cell technology and supporting hydrogen bunkering infrastructure to achieve the IMO's (International Maritime Organization) targets for a sustainable maritime sector

This study analyses wave induced structural loads on marine vessel hulls with emphasis on vessels operating in the Gulf of Guinea. Marine vessels experience highly variable sea states, and traditional analytical methods often struggle to capture nonlinear effects such as slamming, springing, and whipping. These limitations create uncertainties in predicting hull stress and deformation, especially for modern lightweight and fuelefficient ship designs. Existing literature highlights the need for regionspecific modeling due to limited hydrodynamic data available for West African waters. This research addresses this gap by applying advanced numerical simulation techniques Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Finite Element Method (FEM) to model wave structure interaction under realistic wave conditions. The study uses seawater properties, mildsteel hull material characteristics, and wave parameters representative of the Gulf of Guinea. The CFD model generates pressure distributions on the hull surface for selected wave heights, while the FEM model evaluates the resulting stresses and deformations. The simulation procedure followed mesh generation, boundary condition specification, wave creation, pressure extraction, and structural analysis.